Formally set version and testing to C++ 11

Null checks in output.

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        os: [ windows-2019, macos-latest, ubuntu-20.04 ]
+        os: [ windows-latest, macos-latest, ubuntu-latest ]
         cmake: [ 3.15, 3.x ]
         include:
-          - os: windows-2019
+          - os: windows-latest
             static_postfix: _static
             tree: tree /F
             CXX: cl
 
-          - os: ubuntu-20.04
+          - os: ubuntu-latest
             tree: tree
 
           - os: macos-latest
@@ -33,14 +33,14 @@ jobs:
       # System set-up
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
       - uses: ilammy/msvc-dev-cmd@v1
-      - uses: seanmiddleditch/gha-setup-ninja@master
+      - uses: seanmiddleditch/gha-setup-ninja@v4
       - uses: jwlawson/actions-setup-cmake@v2
         with:
           cmake-version: ${{ matrix.cmake }}
 
       # Static Debug
       - name: "Static Debug: Configure"
-        run: cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build-static-dbg -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug "-DCMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX=d${{matrix.static_postfix}}"
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build-static-dbg -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug "-DCMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX=d${{matrix.static_postfix}}" -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
       - name: "Static Debug: Build"
         run: cmake --build build-static-dbg
       - name: "Static Debug: Test"
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Shared Debug
       - name: "Shared Debug: Configure"
-        run: cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build-shared-dbg -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX=d -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build-shared-dbg -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DCMAKE_DEBUG_POSTFIX=d -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
       - name: "Shared Debug: Build"
         run: cmake --build build-shared-dbg
       - name: "Shared Debug: Test"
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Static Release
       - name: "Static Release: Configure"
-        run: cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build-static-rel -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release "-DCMAKE_RELEASE_POSTFIX=${{matrix.static_postfix}}"
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build-static-rel -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release "-DCMAKE_RELEASE_POSTFIX=${{matrix.static_postfix}}" -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
       - name: "Static Release: Build"
         run: cmake --build build-static-rel
       - name: "Static Release: Test"
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ jobs:
 
       # Shared Release
       - name: "Shared Release: Configure"
-        run: cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build-shared-rel -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON
+        run: cmake -G Ninja -S . -B build-shared-rel -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
       - name: "Shared Release: Build"
         run: cmake --build build-shared-rel
       - name: "Shared Release: Test"
@@ -89,23 +89,23 @@ jobs:
         run: >-
           ctest --build-and-test test test-static-dbg
           --build-generator Ninja
-          --build-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -Dtinyxml2_SHARED_LIBS=NO -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{github.workspace}}/install
+          --build-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -Dtinyxml2_SHARED_LIBS=NO -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{github.workspace}}/install -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
           --test-command ctest --output-on-failure
       - name: "Test find_package: Static Release"
         run: >-
           ctest --build-and-test test test-static-rel
           --build-generator Ninja
-          --build-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -Dtinyxml2_SHARED_LIBS=NO -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{github.workspace}}/install
+          --build-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -Dtinyxml2_SHARED_LIBS=NO -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{github.workspace}}/install -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
           --test-command ctest --output-on-failure
       - name: "Test find_package: Shared Debug"
         run: >-
           ctest --build-and-test test test-shared-dbg
           --build-generator Ninja
-          --build-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -Dtinyxml2_SHARED_LIBS=YES -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{github.workspace}}/install
+          --build-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -Dtinyxml2_SHARED_LIBS=YES -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{github.workspace}}/install -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
           --test-command ctest --output-on-failure
       - name: "Test find_package: Shared Release"
         run: >-
           ctest --build-and-test test test-shared-rel
           --build-generator Ninja
-          --build-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -Dtinyxml2_SHARED_LIBS=YES -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{github.workspace}}/install
+          --build-options -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -Dtinyxml2_SHARED_LIBS=YES -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=${{github.workspace}}/install -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=11 -DCMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED=ON
           --test-command ctest --output-on-failure

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ set(CMAKE_VISIBILITY_INLINES_HIDDEN YES)
 add_library(tinyxml2 tinyxml2.cpp tinyxml2.h)
 add_library(tinyxml2::tinyxml2 ALIAS tinyxml2)
 
-# Uncomment the following line to require C++11 (or greater) to use tinyxml2
-# target_compile_features(tinyxml2 PUBLIC cxx_std_11)
+# Require C++11 (or greater) to use tinyxml2
+target_compile_features(tinyxml2 PUBLIC cxx_std_11)
 target_include_directories(tinyxml2 PUBLIC "$<BUILD_INTERFACE:${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}>")
 
 target_compile_definitions(

readme.md

@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
-TinyXML-2
-=========
+# TinyXML-2
 
 [![Test](https://github.com/leethomason/tinyxml2/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg)](https://github.com/leethomason/tinyxml2/actions/workflows/test.yml)
 
 TinyXML-2 is a simple, small, efficient, C++ XML parser that can be
 easily integrated into other programs.
 
-The master is hosted on github:
+It is written in C++ 11 and does not use any Standard Library (std::) features.
+
+The master is hosted on GitHub:
 https://github.com/leethomason/tinyxml2
 
 The online HTML version of these docs:
@@ -14,8 +15,7 @@ http://leethomason.github.io/tinyxml2/
 
 Examples are in the "related pages" tab of the HTML docs.
 
-What it does.
--------------
+## What it does.
 
 In brief, TinyXML-2 parses an XML document, and builds from that a
 Document Object Model (DOM) that can be read, modified, and saved.
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ code without creating a document first.
 
 TinyXML-2 is designed to be easy and fast to learn. It is one header and
 one cpp file. Simply add these to your project and off you go.
-There is an example file - xmltest.cpp - to get you started.
+There is an example file - `xmltest.cpp` - to get you started.
 
 TinyXML-2 is released under the ZLib license,
 so you can use it in open source or commercial code. The details
@@ -45,10 +45,10 @@ of the license are at the top of every source file.
 
 TinyXML-2 attempts to be a flexible parser, but with truly correct and
 compliant XML output. TinyXML-2 should compile on any reasonably C++
-compliant system. It does not rely on exceptions, RTTI, or the STL.
+compliant system. It does not rely on exceptions, run-time type information,
+or the C++ Standard Library.
 
-What it doesn't do.
--------------------
+## What it doesn't do.
 
 TinyXML-2 doesn't parse or use DTDs (Document Type Definitions) or XSLs
 (eXtensible Stylesheet Language.) There are other parsers out there
@@ -56,10 +56,9 @@ that are much more fully featured. But they are generally bigger and
 more difficult to use. If you are working with
 browsers or have more complete XML needs, TinyXML-2 is not the parser for you.
 
-TinyXML-1 vs. TinyXML-2
------------------------
+## TinyXML-1 vs. TinyXML-2
 
-TinyXML-2 long been the focus of all development. It is well tested 
+TinyXML-2 has long been the focus of all development. It is well tested 
 and should be used instead of TinyXML-1.
 
 TinyXML-2 uses a similar API to TinyXML-1 and the same
@@ -67,10 +66,10 @@ rich test cases. But the implementation of the parser is completely re-written
 to make it more appropriate for use in a game. It uses less memory, is faster,
 and uses far fewer memory allocations.
 
-TinyXML-2 has no requirement or support for STL.
+TinyXML-2 has no dependency on the C++ Standard Library, and does not adapt or use any
+of its collection types either.
 
-Features
---------
+## Features
 
 ### Code Page
 
@@ -81,17 +80,17 @@ Filenames for loading / saving are passed unchanged to the underlying OS.
 
 ### Memory Model
 
-An XMLDocument is a C++ object like any other, that can be on the stack, or
-new'd and deleted on the heap.
+An `XMLDocument` is a C++ object like any other, that can be on the stack, or
+`new`'d and `delete`d on the heap.
 
-However, any sub-node of the Document, XMLElement, XMLText, etc, can only
-be created by calling the appropriate XMLDocument::NewElement, NewText, etc.
+However, any sub-node of the `XMLDocument`, `XMLElement`, `XMLText`, etc, can only
+be created by calling the appropriate `XMLDocument::NewElement`, `XMLDocument::NewText`, etc.
 method. Although you have pointers to these objects, they are still owned
-by the Document. When the Document is deleted, so are all the nodes it contains.
+by the `XMLDocument`. When the `XMLDocument` is `delete`d, so are all the nodes it contains.
 
 ### White Space
 
-#### Whitespace Preservation (default, PRESERVE_WHITESPACE)
+#### Whitespace Preservation (default, `PRESERVE_WHITESPACE`)
 
 Microsoft has an excellent article on white space: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms256097.aspx
 
@@ -103,51 +102,57 @@ line-feed character, as required by the XML spec.
 
 White space in text is preserved. For example:
 
-	<element> Hello,  World</element>
+```xml
+<element> Hello,  World</element>
+```
 
-The leading space before the "Hello" and the double space after the comma are
+The leading space before the `"Hello"` and the double space after the comma are
 preserved. Line-feeds are preserved, as in this example:
 
-	<element> Hello again,
-	          World</element>
+```xml
+<element> Hello again,
+          World</element>
+```
 
 However, white space between elements is **not** preserved. Although not strictly
 compliant, tracking and reporting inter-element space is awkward, and not normally
 valuable. TinyXML-2 sees these as the same XML:
 
-	<document>
-		<data>1</data>
-		<data>2</data>
-		<data>3</data>
-	</document>
+```xml
+<document>
+	<data>1</data>
+	<data>2</data>
+	<data>3</data>
+</document>
 
-	<document><data>1</data><data>2</data><data>3</data></document>
+<document><data>1</data><data>2</data><data>3</data></document>
+```
 
-#### Whitespace Collapse (COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE)
+#### Whitespace Collapse (`COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE`)
 
 For some applications, it is preferable to collapse whitespace. Collapsing
 whitespace gives you "HTML-like" behavior, which is sometimes more suitable
 for hand typed documents.
 
-TinyXML-2 supports this with the 'whitespace' parameter to the XMLDocument constructor.
+TinyXML-2 supports this with the `whitespace` parameter to the `XMLDocument` constructor.
 (The default is to preserve whitespace, as described above.)
 
-However, you may also use COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE, which will:
+However, you may also use `COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE`, which will:
 
 * Remove leading and trailing whitespace
 * Convert newlines and line-feeds into a space character
 * Collapse a run of any number of space characters into a single space character
 
-Note that (currently) there is a performance impact for using COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE.
+Note that (currently) there is a performance impact for using `COLLAPSE_WHITESPACE`.
 It essentially causes the XML to be parsed twice.
 
-#### Pedantic Whitespace (PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE)
+#### Pedantic Whitespace (`PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE`)
 
 For applications that need to know about text nodes that are composed entirely of 
-whitespace, PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE is available. PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE maintains all the
-whilespace between elements. 
+whitespace, `PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE` is available. `PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE` maintains all the
+whitespace between elements. 
 
-PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE is a new mode and not as tested as the other whitespace modes.
+`PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE` is a new mode and not as tested as the other whitespace modes.
 
 ### Error Reporting
 
@@ -163,22 +168,26 @@ line number information for error messages.
 TinyXML-2 recognizes the pre-defined "character entities", meaning special
 characters. Namely:
 
-	&amp;	&
-	&lt;	<
-	&gt;	>
-	&quot;	"
-	&apos;	'
+```html
+&amp;	&
+&lt;	<
+&gt;	>
+&quot;	"
+&apos;	'
+```
 
 These are recognized when the XML document is read, and translated to their
 UTF-8 equivalents. For instance, text with the XML of:
 
-	Far &amp; Away
+```xml
+Far &amp; Away
+```
 
-will have the Value() of "Far & Away" when queried from the XMLText object,
+will have the `Value()` of `"Far & Away"` when queried from the `XMLText` object,
 and will be written back to the XML stream/file as an ampersand.
 
 Additionally, any character can be specified by its Unicode code point:
-The syntax `&#xA0;` or `&#160;` are both to the non-breaking space character.
+The syntax `&#xA0;` or `&#160;` both refer to the non-breaking space character.
 This is called a 'numeric character reference'. Any numeric character reference
 that isn't one of the special entities above, will be read, but written as a
 regular code point. The output is correct, but the entity syntax isn't preserved.
@@ -188,21 +197,27 @@ regular code point. The output is correct, but the entity syntax isn't preserved
 #### Print to file
 You can directly use the convenience function:
 
-	XMLDocument doc;
-	...
-	doc.SaveFile( "foo.xml" );
+```cpp
+XMLDocument doc;
+// ...
+doc.SaveFile("foo.xml");
+```
 
-Or the XMLPrinter class:
+Or the `XMLPrinter` class:
 
-	XMLPrinter printer( fp );
-	doc.Print( &printer );
+```cpp
+XMLPrinter printer(fp);
+doc.Print(&printer);
+```
 
 #### Print to memory
-Printing to memory is supported by the XMLPrinter.
+Printing to memory is supported by the `XMLPrinter`.
 
-	XMLPrinter printer;
-	doc.Print( &printer );
-	// printer.CStr() has a const char* to the XML
+```cpp
+XMLPrinter printer;
+doc.Print(&printer);
+// printer.CStr() has a const char* to the XML
+```
 
 #### Print without an XMLDocument
 
@@ -210,92 +225,95 @@ When loading, an XML parser is very useful. However, sometimes
 when saving, it just gets in the way. The code is often set up
 for streaming, and constructing the DOM is just overhead.
 
-The Printer supports the streaming case. The following code
+The `XMLPrinter` supports the streaming case. The following code
 prints out a trivially simple XML file without ever creating
 an XML document.
 
-	XMLPrinter printer( fp );
-	printer.OpenElement( "foo" );
-	printer.PushAttribute( "foo", "bar" );
-	printer.CloseElement();
+```cpp
+XMLPrinter printer(fp);
+printer.OpenElement("foo");
+printer.PushAttribute("foo", "bar");
+printer.CloseElement();
+```
 
-Examples
---------
+### Examples
 
 #### Load and parse an XML file.
 
-	/* ------ Example 1: Load and parse an XML file. ---- */
-	{
-		XMLDocument doc;
-		doc.LoadFile( "dream.xml" );
-	}
+```cpp
+/* ------ Example 1: Load and parse an XML file. ---- */
+{
+	XMLDocument doc;
+	doc.LoadFile("dream.xml");
+}
+```
 
 #### Lookup information.
 
-	/* ------ Example 2: Lookup information. ---- */
-	{
-		XMLDocument doc;
-		doc.LoadFile( "dream.xml" );
+```cpp
+/* ------ Example 2: Lookup information. ---- */
+{
+	XMLDocument doc;
+	doc.LoadFile("dream.xml");
 
-		// Structure of the XML file:
-		// - Element "PLAY"      the root Element, which is the
-		//                       FirstChildElement of the Document
-		// - - Element "TITLE"   child of the root PLAY Element
-		// - - - Text            child of the TITLE Element
+	// Structure of the XML file:
+	// - Element "PLAY"      the root Element, which is the
+	//                       FirstChildElement of the Document
+	// - - Element "TITLE"   child of the root PLAY Element
+	// - - - Text            child of the TITLE Element
 
-		// Navigate to the title, using the convenience function,
-		// with a dangerous lack of error checking.
-		const char* title = doc.FirstChildElement( "PLAY" )->FirstChildElement( "TITLE" )->GetText();
-		printf( "Name of play (1): %s\n", title );
+	// Navigate to the title, using the convenience function,
+	// with a dangerous lack of error checking.
+	const char* title = doc.FirstChildElement("PLAY")->FirstChildElement("TITLE")->GetText();
+	printf("Name of play (1): %s\n", title);
 
-		// Text is just another Node to TinyXML-2. The more
-		// general way to get to the XMLText:
-		XMLText* textNode = doc.FirstChildElement( "PLAY" )->FirstChildElement( "TITLE" )->FirstChild()->ToText();
-		title = textNode->Value();
-		printf( "Name of play (2): %s\n", title );
-	}
+	// Text is just another Node to TinyXML-2. The more
+	// general way to get to the XMLText:
+	XMLText* textNode = doc.FirstChildElement("PLAY")->FirstChildElement("TITLE")->FirstChild()->ToText();
+	title = textNode->Value();
+	printf("Name of play (2): %s\n", title);
+}
+```
 
-Using and Installing
---------------------
+## Using and Installing
 
 There are 2 files in TinyXML-2:
-* tinyxml2.cpp
-* tinyxml2.h
+* `tinyxml2.cpp`
+* `tinyxml2.h`
 
 And additionally a test file:
-* xmltest.cpp
+* `xmltest.cpp`
 
-Generally speaking, the intent is that you simply include the tinyxml2.cpp and 
-tinyxml2.h files in your project and build with your other source code.
+Generally speaking, the intent is that you simply include the `tinyxml2.cpp` and 
+`tinyxml2.h` files in your project and build with your other source code.
 
 There is also a CMake build included. CMake is the general build for TinyXML-2.
 
-(Additional build systems are costly to maintain, and tend to bit-rot. They are
+(Additional build systems are costly to maintain, and tend to become outdated. They are
 being removed over time.)
 
-Building TinyXML-2 - Using vcpkg
---------------------------------
+### Building TinyXML-2 - Using vcpkg
 
 You can download and install TinyXML-2 using the [vcpkg](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg) dependency manager:
 
-    git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
-    cd vcpkg
-    ./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
-    ./vcpkg integrate install
-    ./vcpkg install tinyxml2
+```sh
+git clone https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg.git
+cd vcpkg
+./bootstrap-vcpkg.sh
+./vcpkg integrate install
+./vcpkg install tinyxml2
+```
 
 The TinyXML-2 port in vcpkg is kept up to date by Microsoft team members and community contributors. If the version is out of date, please [create an issue or pull request](https://github.com/Microsoft/vcpkg) on the vcpkg repository.
 
-Versioning
-----------
+## Versioning
 
-TinyXML-2 uses semantic versioning. http://semver.org/ Releases are now tagged in github.
+TinyXML-2 uses semantic versioning. http://semver.org/ Releases are now tagged in GitHub.
 
 Note that the major version will (probably) change fairly rapidly. API changes are fairly
 common.
 
-License
--------
+## License
 
 TinyXML-2 is released under the zlib license:
 
@@ -316,8 +334,7 @@ must not be misrepresented as being the original software.
 3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source
 distribution.
 
-Contributors
-------------
+## Contributors
 
 Thanks very much to everyone who sends suggestions, bugs, ideas, and
 encouragement. It all helps, and makes this project fun.

tinyxml2.cpp

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ distribution.
 #include "tinyxml2.h"
 
 #include <new>		// yes, this one new style header, is in the Android SDK.
-#if defined(ANDROID_NDK) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__QNXNTO__) || defined(__CC_ARM)
+#if defined(ANDROID_NDK)
 #   include <stddef.h>
 #   include <stdarg.h>
 #else
@@ -32,15 +32,27 @@ distribution.
 #   include <cstdarg>
 #endif
 
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)
-	// Microsoft Visual Studio, version 2005 and higher. Not WinCE.
-	/*int _snprintf_s(
-	   char *buffer,
-	   size_t sizeOfBuffer,
-	   size_t count,
-	   const char *format [,
-		  argument] ...
-	);*/
+// Handle fallthrough attribute for different compilers
+#ifndef __has_attribute
+#   define __has_attribute(x) 0
+#endif
+#ifndef __has_cpp_attribute
+#  define __has_cpp_attribute(x) 0
+#endif
+
+#if (__cplusplus >= 201703L && __has_cpp_attribute(fallthrough))
+#   define TIXML_FALLTHROUGH [[fallthrough]]
+#elif __has_cpp_attribute(clang::fallthrough)
+#   define TIXML_FALLTHROUGH [[clang::fallthrough]]
+#elif __has_attribute(fallthrough)
+#   define TIXML_FALLTHROUGH __attribute__((fallthrough))
+#else
+#   define TIXML_FALLTHROUGH (void(0))
+#endif
+
+
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
+	// Microsoft Visual Studio, version 2005 and higher.
 	static inline int TIXML_SNPRINTF( char* buffer, size_t size, const char* format, ... )
 	{
 		va_list va;
@@ -59,33 +71,11 @@ distribution.
 	#define TIXML_VSCPRINTF	_vscprintf
 	#define TIXML_SSCANF	sscanf_s
 #elif defined _MSC_VER
-	// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and earlier or WinCE
+	// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and earlier.
 	#define TIXML_SNPRINTF	_snprintf
 	#define TIXML_VSNPRINTF _vsnprintf
 	#define TIXML_SSCANF	sscanf
-	#if (_MSC_VER < 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)
-		// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and not WinCE.
-		#define TIXML_VSCPRINTF   _vscprintf // VS2003's C runtime has this, but VC6 C runtime or WinCE SDK doesn't have.
-	#else
-		// Microsoft Visual Studio 2003 and earlier or WinCE.
-		static inline int TIXML_VSCPRINTF( const char* format, va_list va )
-		{
-			int len = 512;
-			for (;;) {
-				len = len*2;
-				char* str = new char[len]();
-				const int required = _vsnprintf(str, len, format, va);
-				delete[] str;
-				if ( required != -1 ) {
-					TIXMLASSERT( required >= 0 );
-					len = required;
-					break;
-				}
-			}
-			TIXMLASSERT( len >= 0 );
-			return len;
-		}
-	#endif
+	#define TIXML_VSCPRINTF	_vscprintf
 #else
 	// GCC version 3 and higher
 	//#warning( "Using sn* functions." )
@@ -93,6 +83,9 @@ distribution.
 	#define TIXML_VSNPRINTF	vsnprintf
 	static inline int TIXML_VSCPRINTF( const char* format, va_list va )
 	{
+	    if (!format) {
+	        return 0;
+	    }
 		int len = vsnprintf( 0, 0, format, va );
 		TIXMLASSERT( len >= 0 );
 		return len;
@@ -100,7 +93,7 @@ distribution.
 	#define TIXML_SSCANF   sscanf
 #endif
 
-#if defined(_WIN64)
+#if defined(_MSC_VER)
 	#define TIXML_FSEEK _fseeki64
 	#define TIXML_FTELL _ftelli64
 #elif defined(__APPLE__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__) || defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__) || defined(__CYGWIN__)
@@ -161,12 +154,12 @@ void StrPair::TransferTo( StrPair* other )
         return;
     }
     // This in effect implements the assignment operator by "moving"
-    // ownership (as in auto_ptr).
+    // ownership (as in unique_ptr / move semantics).
 
-    TIXMLASSERT( other != 0 );
+    TIXMLASSERT( other != nullptr );
     TIXMLASSERT( other->_flags == 0 );
-    TIXMLASSERT( other->_start == 0 );
-    TIXMLASSERT( other->_end == 0 );
+    TIXMLASSERT( other->_start == nullptr );
+    TIXMLASSERT( other->_end == nullptr );
 
     other->Reset();
 
@@ -175,8 +168,8 @@ void StrPair::TransferTo( StrPair* other )
     other->_end = _end;
 
     _flags = 0;
-    _start = 0;
-    _end = 0;
+    _start = nullptr;
+    _end = nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -186,8 +179,8 @@ void StrPair::Reset()
         delete [] _start;
     }
     _flags = 0;
-    _start = 0;
-    _end = 0;
+    _start = nullptr;
+    _end = nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -196,7 +189,7 @@ void StrPair::SetStr( const char* str, int flags )
     TIXMLASSERT( str );
     Reset();
     size_t len = strlen( str );
-    TIXMLASSERT( _start == 0 );
+    TIXMLASSERT( _start == nullptr );
     _start = new char[ len+1 ];
     memcpy( _start, str, len+1 );
     _end = _start + len;
@@ -225,17 +218,17 @@ char* StrPair::ParseText( char* p, const char* endTag, int strFlags, int* curLin
         ++p;
         TIXMLASSERT( p );
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
 char* StrPair::ParseName( char* p )
 {
     if ( !p || !(*p) ) {
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     if ( !XMLUtil::IsNameStartChar( static_cast<unsigned char>(*p) ) ) {
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     char* const start = p;
@@ -325,7 +318,7 @@ const char* StrPair::GetStr()
                         char buf[buflen] = { 0 };
                         int len = 0;
                         const char* adjusted = const_cast<char*>( XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef( p, buf, &len ) );
-                        if ( adjusted == 0 ) {
+                        if ( adjusted == nullptr ) {
                             *q = *p;
                             ++p;
                             ++q;
@@ -446,17 +439,17 @@ void XMLUtil::ConvertUTF32ToUTF8( unsigned long input, char* output, int* length
             --output;
             *output = static_cast<char>((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);
             input >>= 6;
-            //fall through
+            TIXML_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 3:
             --output;
             *output = static_cast<char>((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);
             input >>= 6;
-            //fall through
+            TIXML_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 2:
             --output;
             *output = static_cast<char>((input | BYTE_MARK) & BYTE_MASK);
             input >>= 6;
-            //fall through
+            TIXML_FALLTHROUGH;
         case 1:
             --output;
             *output = static_cast<char>(input | FIRST_BYTE_MARK[*length]);
@@ -482,7 +475,7 @@ const char* XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef(const char* p, char* value, int* length)
 
         bool hex = false;
         uint32_t radix = 10;
-        const char* q = 0;
+        const char* q = nullptr;
         char terminator = '#';
 
         if (*(p + 2) == 'x') {
@@ -498,12 +491,12 @@ const char* XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef(const char* p, char* value, int* length)
             q = p + 2;
         }
         if (!(*q)) {
-            return 0;
+            return nullptr;
         }
 
         q = strchr(q, SEMICOLON);
         if (!q) {
-            return 0;
+            return nullptr;
         }
         TIXMLASSERT(*q == SEMICOLON);
 
@@ -523,17 +516,20 @@ const char* XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef(const char* p, char* value, int* length)
                 digit = *q - 'A' + 10;
             }
             else {
-                return 0;
+                return nullptr;
             }
             TIXMLASSERT(digit < radix);
 
             const unsigned int digitScaled = mult * digit;
+            // Reject before adding: if digitScaled alone exceeds MAX_CODE_POINT,
+            // or if adding it to ucs would exceed it (checked without overflow by
+            // testing ucs > MAX_CODE_POINT - digitScaled, safe since digitScaled
+            // <= MAX_CODE_POINT at this point).
+            if (digitScaled > MAX_CODE_POINT || ucs > MAX_CODE_POINT - digitScaled) {
+                return nullptr;
+            }
             ucs += digitScaled;
-            mult *= radix;       
-            
-            // Security check: could a value exist that is out of range?
-            // Easily; limit to the MAX_CODE_POINT, which also allows for a
-            // bunch of leading zeroes.
+            mult *= radix;
             if (mult > MAX_CODE_POINT) {
                 mult = MAX_CODE_POINT;
             }
@@ -541,15 +537,15 @@ const char* XMLUtil::GetCharacterRef(const char* p, char* value, int* length)
         }
         // Out of range:
         if (ucs > MAX_CODE_POINT) {
-            return 0;
+            return nullptr;
         }
         // convert the UCS to UTF-8
         ConvertUTF32ToUTF8(ucs, value, length);
-		if (length == 0) {
-            // If length is 0, there was an error. (Security? Bad input?)
+        if (*length == 0) {
+            // If *length is 0, ConvertUTF32ToUTF8 rejected the code point.
             // Fail safely.
-			return 0;
-		}
+            return nullptr;
+        }
         return p + delta + 1;
     }
     return p + 1;
@@ -632,8 +628,8 @@ bool XMLUtil::ToBool( const char* str, bool* value )
         *value = (ival==0) ? false : true;
         return true;
     }
-    static const char* TRUE_VALS[] = { "true", "True", "TRUE", 0 };
-    static const char* FALSE_VALS[] = { "false", "False", "FALSE", 0 };
+    static const char* TRUE_VALS[] = { "true", "True", "TRUE", nullptr };
+    static const char* FALSE_VALS[] = { "false", "False", "FALSE", nullptr };
 
     for (int i = 0; TRUE_VALS[i]; ++i) {
         if (StringEqual(str, TRUE_VALS[i])) {
@@ -707,7 +703,7 @@ char* XMLDocument::Identify( char* p, XMLNode** node, bool first )
     int const startLine = _parseCurLineNum;
     p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, &_parseCurLineNum );
     if( !*p ) {
-        *node = 0;
+        *node = nullptr;
         TIXMLASSERT( p );
         return p;
     }
@@ -727,7 +723,7 @@ char* XMLDocument::Identify( char* p, XMLNode** node, bool first )
 
     TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLComment ) == sizeof( XMLUnknown ) );		// use same memory pool
     TIXMLASSERT( sizeof( XMLComment ) == sizeof( XMLDeclaration ) );	// use same memory pool
-    XMLNode* returnNode = 0;
+    XMLNode* returnNode = nullptr;
     if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( p, xmlHeader, xmlHeaderLen ) ) {
         returnNode = CreateUnlinkedNode<XMLDeclaration>( _commentPool );
         returnNode->_parseLineNum = _parseCurLineNum;
@@ -797,20 +793,30 @@ bool XMLDocument::Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const
 
 XMLNode::XMLNode( XMLDocument* doc ) :
     _document( doc ),
-    _parent( 0 ),
+    _parent( nullptr ),
     _value(),
     _parseLineNum( 0 ),
-    _firstChild( 0 ), _lastChild( 0 ),
-    _prev( 0 ), _next( 0 ),
-	_userData( 0 ),
-    _memPool( 0 )
+    _firstChild( nullptr ), _lastChild( nullptr ),
+    _prev( nullptr ), _next( nullptr ),
+	_userData( nullptr ),
+    _memPool( nullptr )
 {
 }
 
 
 XMLNode::~XMLNode()
 {
-    DeleteChildren();
+    // Fast path: this node is dying, so maintaining _firstChild/_lastChild and
+    // sibling _prev/_next links is unnecessary. Only _parent must be zeroed to
+    // satisfy the MarkInUse assertion inside DeleteNode.
+    XMLNode *currentChild = _firstChild;
+    while (currentChild != nullptr) {
+        XMLNode *next = currentChild->_next;
+        currentChild->_parent = nullptr;
+        DeleteNode(currentChild);
+        currentChild = next;
+    }
+
     if ( _parent ) {
         _parent->Unlink( this );
     }
@@ -848,7 +854,7 @@ const char* XMLNode::Value() const
 {
     // Edge case: XMLDocuments don't have a Value. Return null.
     if ( this->ToDocument() )
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     return _value.GetStr();
 }
 
@@ -865,7 +871,7 @@ void XMLNode::SetValue( const char* str, bool staticMem )
 XMLNode* XMLNode::DeepClone(XMLDocument* target) const
 {
 	XMLNode* clone = this->ShallowClone(target);
-	if (!clone) return 0;
+	if (!clone) return nullptr;
 
 	for (const XMLNode* child = this->FirstChild(); child; child = child->NextSibling()) {
 		XMLNode* childClone = child->DeepClone(target);
@@ -881,7 +887,7 @@ void XMLNode::DeleteChildren()
         TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild );
         DeleteChild( _firstChild );
     }
-    _firstChild = _lastChild = 0;
+    _firstChild = _lastChild = nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -903,9 +909,9 @@ void XMLNode::Unlink( XMLNode* child )
     if ( child->_next ) {
         child->_next->_prev = child->_prev;
     }
-	child->_next = 0;
-	child->_prev = 0;
-	child->_parent = 0;
+	child->_next = nullptr;
+	child->_prev = nullptr;
+	child->_parent = nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -915,9 +921,9 @@ void XMLNode::DeleteChild( XMLNode* node )
     TIXMLASSERT( node->_document == _document );
     TIXMLASSERT( node->_parent == this );
     Unlink( node );
-	TIXMLASSERT(node->_prev == 0);
-	TIXMLASSERT(node->_next == 0);
-	TIXMLASSERT(node->_parent == 0);
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_prev == nullptr);
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_next == nullptr);
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_parent == nullptr);
     DeleteNode( node );
 }
 
@@ -927,25 +933,25 @@ XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertEndChild( XMLNode* addThis )
     TIXMLASSERT( addThis );
     if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {
         TIXMLASSERT( false );
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     InsertChildPreamble( addThis );
 
     if ( _lastChild ) {
         TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild );
-        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild->_next == 0 );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild->_next == nullptr );
         _lastChild->_next = addThis;
         addThis->_prev = _lastChild;
         _lastChild = addThis;
 
-        addThis->_next = 0;
+        addThis->_next = nullptr;
     }
     else {
-        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild == 0 );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild == nullptr );
         _firstChild = _lastChild = addThis;
 
-        addThis->_prev = 0;
-        addThis->_next = 0;
+        addThis->_prev = nullptr;
+        addThis->_next = nullptr;
     }
     addThis->_parent = this;
     return addThis;
@@ -957,26 +963,26 @@ XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertFirstChild( XMLNode* addThis )
     TIXMLASSERT( addThis );
     if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {
         TIXMLASSERT( false );
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     InsertChildPreamble( addThis );
 
     if ( _firstChild ) {
         TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild );
-        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild->_prev == 0 );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _firstChild->_prev == nullptr );
 
         _firstChild->_prev = addThis;
         addThis->_next = _firstChild;
         _firstChild = addThis;
 
-        addThis->_prev = 0;
+        addThis->_prev = nullptr;
     }
     else {
-        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild == 0 );
+        TIXMLASSERT( _lastChild == nullptr );
         _firstChild = _lastChild = addThis;
 
-        addThis->_prev = 0;
-        addThis->_next = 0;
+        addThis->_prev = nullptr;
+        addThis->_next = nullptr;
     }
     addThis->_parent = this;
     return addThis;
@@ -988,14 +994,14 @@ XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertAfterChild( XMLNode* afterThis, XMLNode* addThis )
     TIXMLASSERT( addThis );
     if ( addThis->_document != _document ) {
         TIXMLASSERT( false );
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     TIXMLASSERT( afterThis );
 
     if ( afterThis->_parent != this ) {
         TIXMLASSERT( false );
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     if ( afterThis == addThis ) {
         // Current state: BeforeThis -> AddThis -> OneAfterAddThis
@@ -1005,7 +1011,7 @@ XMLNode* XMLNode::InsertAfterChild( XMLNode* afterThis, XMLNode* addThis )
         return addThis;
     }
 
-    if ( afterThis->_next == 0 ) {
+    if ( afterThis->_next == nullptr ) {
         // The last node or the only node.
         return InsertEndChild( addThis );
     }
@@ -1029,7 +1035,7 @@ const XMLElement* XMLNode::FirstChildElement( const char* name ) const
             return element;
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -1041,7 +1047,7 @@ const XMLElement* XMLNode::LastChildElement( const char* name ) const
             return element;
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -1053,7 +1059,7 @@ const XMLElement* XMLNode::NextSiblingElement( const char* name ) const
             return element;
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -1065,7 +1071,7 @@ const XMLElement* XMLNode::PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name ) const
             return element;
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -1090,15 +1096,15 @@ char* XMLNode::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr )
 
 	XMLDocument::DepthTracker tracker(_document);
 	if (_document->Error())
-		return 0;
+		return nullptr;
 
 	bool first = true;
 	while( p && *p ) {
-        XMLNode* node = 0;
+        XMLNode* node = nullptr;
 
         p = _document->Identify( p, &node, first );
         TIXMLASSERT( p );
-        if ( node == 0 ) {
+        if ( node == nullptr ) {
             break;
         }
         first = false;
@@ -1110,7 +1116,7 @@ char* XMLNode::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr )
         if ( !p ) {
             _document->DeleteNode( node );
             if ( !_document->Error() ) {
-                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING, initialLineNum, 0);
+                _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING, initialLineNum, nullptr);
             }
             break;
         }
@@ -1182,12 +1188,12 @@ char* XMLNode::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr )
         }
         InsertEndChild( node );
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 /*static*/ void XMLNode::DeleteNode( XMLNode* node )
 {
-    if ( node == 0 ) {
+    if ( node == nullptr ) {
         return;
     }
 	TIXMLASSERT(node->_document);
@@ -1217,16 +1223,16 @@ void XMLNode::InsertChildPreamble( XMLNode* insertThis ) const
 const XMLElement* XMLNode::ToElementWithName( const char* name ) const
 {
     const XMLElement* element = this->ToElement();
-    if ( element == 0 ) {
-        return 0;
+    if ( element == nullptr ) {
+        return nullptr;
     }
-    if ( name == 0 ) {
+    if ( name == nullptr ) {
         return element;
     }
     if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( element->Name(), name ) ) {
        return element;
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 // --------- XMLText ---------- //
@@ -1250,10 +1256,10 @@ char* XMLText::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair*, int* curLineNumPtr )
             return p-1;
         }
         if ( !p ) {
-            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT, _parseLineNum, 0 );
+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_TEXT, _parseLineNum, nullptr );
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -1299,7 +1305,7 @@ char* XMLComment::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair*, int* curLineNumPtr )
 {
     // Comment parses as text.
     p = _value.ParseText( p, "-->", StrPair::COMMENT, curLineNumPtr );
-    if ( p == 0 ) {
+    if ( p == nullptr ) {
         _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_COMMENT, _parseLineNum, 0 );
     }
     return p;
@@ -1348,7 +1354,7 @@ char* XMLDeclaration::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair*, int* curLineNumPtr )
 {
     // Declaration parses as text.
     p = _value.ParseText( p, "?>", StrPair::NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION, curLineNumPtr );
-    if ( p == 0 ) {
+    if ( p == nullptr ) {
         _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_DECLARATION, _parseLineNum, 0 );
     }
     return p;
@@ -1444,19 +1450,19 @@ char* XMLAttribute::ParseDeep( char* p, bool processEntities, int* curLineNumPtr
     // Parse using the name rules: bug fix, was using ParseText before
     p = _name.ParseName( p );
     if ( !p || !*p ) {
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     // Skip white space before =
     p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, curLineNumPtr );
     if ( *p != '=' ) {
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     ++p;	// move up to opening quote
     p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, curLineNumPtr );
     if ( *p != '\"' && *p != '\'' ) {
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     const char endTag[2] = { *p, 0 };
@@ -1598,7 +1604,7 @@ void XMLAttribute::SetAttribute( float v )
 // --------- XMLElement ---------- //
 XMLElement::XMLElement( XMLDocument* doc ) : XMLNode( doc ),
     _closingType( OPEN ),
-    _rootAttribute( 0 )
+    _rootAttribute( nullptr )
 {
 }
 
@@ -1620,7 +1626,7 @@ const XMLAttribute* XMLElement::FindAttribute( const char* name ) const
             return a;
         }
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -1628,12 +1634,12 @@ const char* XMLElement::Attribute( const char* name, const char* value ) const
 {
     const XMLAttribute* a = FindAttribute( name );
     if ( !a ) {
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     if ( !value || XMLUtil::StringEqual( a->Value(), value )) {
         return a->Value();
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 int XMLElement::IntAttribute(const char* name, int defaultValue) const
@@ -1700,7 +1706,7 @@ const char* XMLElement::GetText() const
     if ( node && node->ToText() ) {
         return node->Value();
     }
-    return 0;
+    return nullptr;
 }
 
 
@@ -1911,8 +1917,8 @@ float XMLElement::FloatText(float defaultValue) const
 
 XMLAttribute* XMLElement::FindOrCreateAttribute( const char* name )
 {
-    XMLAttribute* last = 0;
-    XMLAttribute* attrib = 0;
+    XMLAttribute* last = nullptr;
+    XMLAttribute* attrib = nullptr;
     for( attrib = _rootAttribute;
             attrib;
             last = attrib, attrib = attrib->_next ) {
@@ -1924,11 +1930,11 @@ XMLAttribute* XMLElement::FindOrCreateAttribute( const char* name )
         attrib = CreateAttribute();
         TIXMLASSERT( attrib );
         if ( last ) {
-            TIXMLASSERT( last->_next == 0 );
+            TIXMLASSERT( last->_next == nullptr );
             last->_next = attrib;
         }
         else {
-            TIXMLASSERT( _rootAttribute == 0 );
+            TIXMLASSERT( _rootAttribute == nullptr );
             _rootAttribute = attrib;
         }
         attrib->SetName( name );
@@ -1939,7 +1945,7 @@ XMLAttribute* XMLElement::FindOrCreateAttribute( const char* name )
 
 void XMLElement::DeleteAttribute( const char* name )
 {
-    XMLAttribute* prev = 0;
+    XMLAttribute* prev = nullptr;
     for( XMLAttribute* a=_rootAttribute; a; a=a->_next ) {
         if ( XMLUtil::StringEqual( name, a->Name() ) ) {
             if ( prev ) {
@@ -1958,14 +1964,14 @@ void XMLElement::DeleteAttribute( const char* name )
 
 char* XMLElement::ParseAttributes( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr )
 {
-    XMLAttribute* prevAttribute = 0;
+    XMLAttribute* prevAttribute = nullptr;
 
     // Read the attributes.
     while( p ) {
         p = XMLUtil::SkipWhiteSpace( p, curLineNumPtr );
         if ( !(*p) ) {
             _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, _parseLineNum, "XMLElement name=%s", Name() );
-            return 0;
+            return nullptr;
         }
 
         // attribute.
@@ -1980,7 +1986,7 @@ char* XMLElement::ParseAttributes( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr )
             if ( !p || Attribute( attrib->Name() ) ) {
                 DeleteAttribute( attrib );
                 _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ATTRIBUTE, attrLineNum, "XMLElement name=%s", Name() );
-                return 0;
+                return nullptr;
             }
             // There is a minor bug here: if the attribute in the source xml
             // document is duplicated, it will not be detected and the
@@ -1988,11 +1994,11 @@ char* XMLElement::ParseAttributes( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr )
             // avoids re-scanning the attribute list. Preferring performance for
             // now, may reconsider in the future.
             if ( prevAttribute ) {
-                TIXMLASSERT( prevAttribute->_next == 0 );
+                TIXMLASSERT( prevAttribute->_next == nullptr );
                 prevAttribute->_next = attrib;
             }
             else {
-                TIXMLASSERT( _rootAttribute == 0 );
+                TIXMLASSERT( _rootAttribute == nullptr );
                 _rootAttribute = attrib;
             }
             prevAttribute = attrib;
@@ -2008,8 +2014,8 @@ char* XMLElement::ParseAttributes( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr )
             return p+2;	// done; sealed element.
         }
         else {
-            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, _parseLineNum, 0 );
-            return 0;
+            _document->SetError( XML_ERROR_PARSING_ELEMENT, _parseLineNum, nullptr );
+            return nullptr;
         }
     }
     return p;
@@ -2017,7 +2023,7 @@ char* XMLElement::ParseAttributes( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr )
 
 void XMLElement::DeleteAttribute( XMLAttribute* attribute )
 {
-    if ( attribute == 0 ) {
+    if ( attribute == nullptr ) {
         return;
     }
     MemPool* pool = attribute->_memPool;
@@ -2087,7 +2093,7 @@ char* XMLElement::ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr
 
     p = _value.ParseName( p );
     if ( _value.Empty() ) {
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     p = ParseAttributes( p, curLineNumPtr );
@@ -2181,14 +2187,14 @@ const char* XMLDocument::_errorNames[XML_ERROR_COUNT] = {
 
 
 XMLDocument::XMLDocument( bool processEntities, Whitespace whitespaceMode ) :
-    XMLNode( 0 ),
+    XMLNode( nullptr ),
     _writeBOM( false ),
     _processEntities( processEntities ),
     _errorID(XML_SUCCESS),
     _whitespaceMode( whitespaceMode ),
     _errorStr(),
     _errorLineNum( 0 ),
-    _charBuffer( 0 ),
+    _charBuffer( nullptr ),
     _parseCurLineNum( 0 ),
 	_parsingDepth(0),
     _unlinked(),
@@ -2211,7 +2217,7 @@ XMLDocument::~XMLDocument()
 void XMLDocument::MarkInUse(const XMLNode* const node)
 {
 	TIXMLASSERT(node);
-	TIXMLASSERT(node->_parent == 0);
+	TIXMLASSERT(node->_parent == nullptr);
 
 	for (size_t i = 0; i < _unlinked.Size(); ++i) {
 		if (node == _unlinked[i]) {
@@ -2234,9 +2240,9 @@ void XMLDocument::Clear()
     ClearError();
 
     delete [] _charBuffer;
-    _charBuffer = 0;
+    _charBuffer = nullptr;
 	_parsingDepth = 0;
-
+    
 #if 0
     _textPool.Trace( "text" );
     _elementPool.Trace( "element" );
@@ -2311,11 +2317,11 @@ static FILE* callfopen( const char* filepath, const char* mode )
 {
     TIXMLASSERT( filepath );
     TIXMLASSERT( mode );
-#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400 ) && (!defined WINCE)
-    FILE* fp = 0;
+#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1400)
+    FILE* fp = nullptr;
     const errno_t err = fopen_s( &fp, filepath, mode );
     if ( err ) {
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 #else
     FILE* fp = fopen( filepath, mode );
@@ -2324,8 +2330,10 @@ static FILE* callfopen( const char* filepath, const char* mode )
 }
 
 void XMLDocument::DeleteNode( XMLNode* node )	{
-    TIXMLASSERT( node );
-    TIXMLASSERT(node->_document == this );
+    if(node == nullptr) {
+        return; // check for null pointer
+    }
+    TIXMLASSERT(node->_document == this);
     if (node->_parent) {
         node->_parent->DeleteChild( node );
     }
@@ -2399,7 +2407,7 @@ XMLError XMLDocument::LoadFile( FILE* fp )
     }
 
     const size_t size = static_cast<size_t>(filelength);
-    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer == 0 );
+    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer == nullptr );
     _charBuffer = new char[size+1];
     const size_t read = fread( _charBuffer, 1, size, fp );
     if ( read != size ) {
@@ -2455,7 +2463,7 @@ XMLError XMLDocument::Parse( const char* xml, size_t nBytes )
     if ( nBytes == static_cast<size_t>(-1) ) {
         nBytes = strlen( xml );
     }
-    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer == 0 );
+    TIXMLASSERT( _charBuffer == nullptr );
     _charBuffer = new char[ nBytes+1 ];
     memcpy( _charBuffer, xml, nBytes );
     _charBuffer[nBytes] = 0;
@@ -2481,7 +2489,7 @@ void XMLDocument::Print( XMLPrinter* streamer ) const
         Accept( streamer );
     }
     else {
-        XMLPrinter stdoutStreamer( stdout );
+        XMLPrinter stdoutStreamer( stdout );  // file=stdout, not nullptr
         Accept( &stdoutStreamer );
     }
 }
@@ -2560,7 +2568,7 @@ void XMLDocument::Parse()
         SetError( XML_ERROR_EMPTY_DOCUMENT, 0, 0 );
         return;
     }
-    ParseDeep(p, 0, &_parseCurLineNum );
+    ParseDeep(p, nullptr, &_parseCurLineNum );
 }
 
 void XMLDocument::PushDepth()
@@ -2577,7 +2585,7 @@ void XMLDocument::PopDepth()
 	--_parsingDepth;
 }
 
-XMLPrinter::XMLPrinter( FILE* file, bool compact, int depth ) :
+XMLPrinter::XMLPrinter( FILE* file, bool compact, int depth, EscapeAposCharsInAttributes aposInAttributes ) :
     _elementJustOpened( false ),
     _stack(),
     _firstElement( true ),
@@ -2594,9 +2602,11 @@ XMLPrinter::XMLPrinter( FILE* file, bool compact, int depth ) :
     }
     for( int i=0; i<NUM_ENTITIES; ++i ) {
         const char entityValue = entities[i].value;
-        const unsigned char flagIndex = static_cast<unsigned char>(entityValue);
-        TIXMLASSERT( flagIndex < ENTITY_RANGE );
-        _entityFlag[flagIndex] = true;
+        if ((aposInAttributes == ESCAPE_APOS_CHARS_IN_ATTRIBUTES) || (entityValue != SINGLE_QUOTE)) {
+            const unsigned char flagIndex = static_cast<unsigned char>(entityValue);
+            TIXMLASSERT( flagIndex < ENTITY_RANGE );
+            _entityFlag[flagIndex] = true;
+        }
     }
     _restrictedEntityFlag[static_cast<unsigned char>('&')] = true;
     _restrictedEntityFlag[static_cast<unsigned char>('<')] = true;
@@ -2633,7 +2643,7 @@ void XMLPrinter::Write( const char* data, size_t size )
         fwrite ( data , sizeof(char), size, _fp);
     }
     else {
-        char* p = _buffer.PushArr( static_cast<int>(size) ) - 1;   // back up over the null terminator.
+        char* p = _buffer.PushArr( size ) - 1;   // back up over the null terminator.
         memcpy( p, data, size );
         p[size] = 0;
     }
@@ -2969,7 +2979,7 @@ bool XMLPrinter::VisitEnter( const XMLDocument& doc )
 
 bool XMLPrinter::VisitEnter( const XMLElement& element, const XMLAttribute* attribute )
 {
-    const XMLElement* parentElem = 0;
+    const XMLElement* parentElem = nullptr;
     if ( element.Parent() ) {
         parentElem = element.Parent()->ToElement();
     }

tinyxml2.h

@@ -24,15 +24,12 @@ distribution.
 #ifndef TINYXML2_INCLUDED
 #define TINYXML2_INCLUDED
 
-#if defined(ANDROID_NDK) || defined(__BORLANDC__) || defined(__QNXNTO__)
+#if defined(ANDROID_NDK)
 #   include <ctype.h>
 #   include <limits.h>
 #   include <stdio.h>
 #   include <stdlib.h>
 #   include <string.h>
-#	if defined(__PS3__)
-#		include <stddef.h>
-#	endif
 #else
 #   include <cctype>
 #   include <climits>
@@ -40,15 +37,7 @@ distribution.
 #   include <cstdlib>
 #   include <cstring>
 #endif
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-/*
-	gcc:
-        g++ -Wall -DTINYXML2_DEBUG tinyxml2.cpp xmltest.cpp -o gccxmltest.exe
-
-    Formatting, Artistic Style:
-        AStyle.exe --style=1tbs --indent-switches --break-closing-brackets --indent-preprocessor tinyxml2.cpp tinyxml2.h
-*/
+#include <cstdint>
 
 #if defined( _DEBUG ) || defined (__DEBUG__)
 #   ifndef TINYXML2_DEBUG
@@ -93,12 +82,20 @@ distribution.
 #endif
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201703L
+#define TINYXML2_CONSTANT inline constexpr
+#elif defined(__cplusplus) && __cplusplus >= 201103L
+#define TINYXML2_CONSTANT static constexpr
+#else 
+#define TINYXML2_CONSTANT static const
+#endif
+
 /* Versioning, past 1.0.14:
 	http://semver.org/
 */
-static const int TIXML2_MAJOR_VERSION = 11;
-static const int TIXML2_MINOR_VERSION = 0;
-static const int TIXML2_PATCH_VERSION = 0;
+TINYXML2_CONSTANT int TIXML2_MAJOR_VERSION = 11;
+TINYXML2_CONSTANT int TIXML2_MINOR_VERSION = 0;
+TINYXML2_CONSTANT int TIXML2_PATCH_VERSION = 0;
 
 #define TINYXML2_MAJOR_VERSION 11
 #define TINYXML2_MINOR_VERSION 0
@@ -109,7 +106,7 @@ static const int TIXML2_PATCH_VERSION = 0;
 // system, and the capacity of the stack. On the other hand, it's a trivial
 // attack that can result from ill, malicious, or even correctly formed XML,
 // so there needs to be a limit in place.
-static const int TINYXML2_MAX_ELEMENT_DEPTH = 500;
+TINYXML2_CONSTANT int TINYXML2_MAX_ELEMENT_DEPTH = 500;
 
 namespace tinyxml2
 {
@@ -146,7 +143,7 @@ public:
         COMMENT							= NEEDS_NEWLINE_NORMALIZATION
     };
 
-    StrPair() : _flags( 0 ), _start( 0 ), _end( 0 ) {}
+    StrPair() : _flags( 0 ), _start( nullptr ), _end( nullptr ) {}
     ~StrPair();
 
     void Set( char* start, char* end, int flags ) {
@@ -189,8 +186,8 @@ private:
     char*   _start;
     char*   _end;
 
-    StrPair( const StrPair& other );	// not supported
-    void operator=( const StrPair& other );	// not supported, use TransferTo()
+    StrPair( const StrPair& ) = delete;
+    StrPair& operator=( const StrPair& ) = delete;
 };
 
 
@@ -266,7 +263,6 @@ public:
     }
 
     size_t Size() const {
-        TIXMLASSERT( _size >= 0 );
         return _size;
     }
 
@@ -293,8 +289,8 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    DynArray( const DynArray& ); // not supported
-    void operator=( const DynArray& ); // not supported
+    DynArray( const DynArray& ) = delete;
+    DynArray& operator=( const DynArray& ) = delete;
 
     void EnsureCapacity( size_t cap ) {
         TIXMLASSERT( cap > 0 );
@@ -343,7 +339,7 @@ template< size_t ITEM_SIZE >
 class MemPoolT : public MemPool
 {
 public:
-    MemPoolT() : _blockPtrs(), _root(0), _currentAllocs(0), _nAllocs(0), _maxAllocs(0), _nUntracked(0)	{}
+    MemPoolT() : _blockPtrs(), _root(nullptr), _currentAllocs(0), _nAllocs(0), _maxAllocs(0), _nUntracked(0)	{}
     ~MemPoolT() {
         MemPoolT< ITEM_SIZE >::Clear();
     }
@@ -354,7 +350,7 @@ public:
             Block* lastBlock = _blockPtrs.Pop();
             delete lastBlock;
         }
-        _root = 0;
+        _root = nullptr;
         _currentAllocs = 0;
         _nAllocs = 0;
         _maxAllocs = 0;
@@ -378,11 +374,11 @@ public:
             for( size_t i = 0; i < ITEMS_PER_BLOCK - 1; ++i ) {
                 blockItems[i].next = &(blockItems[i + 1]);
             }
-            blockItems[ITEMS_PER_BLOCK - 1].next = 0;
+            blockItems[ITEMS_PER_BLOCK - 1].next = nullptr;
             _root = blockItems;
         }
         Item* const result = _root;
-        TIXMLASSERT( result != 0 );
+        TIXMLASSERT( result != nullptr );
         _root = _root->next;
 
         ++_currentAllocs;
@@ -434,8 +430,8 @@ public:
     enum { ITEMS_PER_BLOCK = (4 * 1024) / ITEM_SIZE };
 
 private:
-    MemPoolT( const MemPoolT& ); // not supported
-    void operator=( const MemPoolT& ); // not supported
+    MemPoolT( const MemPoolT& ) = delete;
+    MemPoolT& operator=( const MemPoolT& ) = delete;
 
     union Item {
         Item*   next;
@@ -686,46 +682,46 @@ public:
 
     /// Safely cast to an Element, or null.
     virtual XMLElement*		ToElement()		{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     /// Safely cast to Text, or null.
     virtual XMLText*		ToText()		{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     /// Safely cast to a Comment, or null.
     virtual XMLComment*		ToComment()		{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     /// Safely cast to a Document, or null.
     virtual XMLDocument*	ToDocument()	{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     /// Safely cast to a Declaration, or null.
     virtual XMLDeclaration*	ToDeclaration()	{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     /// Safely cast to an Unknown, or null.
     virtual XMLUnknown*		ToUnknown()		{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     virtual const XMLElement*		ToElement() const		{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     virtual const XMLText*			ToText() const			{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     virtual const XMLComment*		ToComment() const		{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     virtual const XMLDocument*		ToDocument() const		{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     virtual const XMLDeclaration*	ToDeclaration() const	{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
     virtual const XMLUnknown*		ToUnknown() const		{
-        return 0;
+        return nullptr;
     }
 
     // ChildElementCount was originally suggested by msteiger on the sourceforge page for TinyXML and modified by KB1SPH for TinyXML-2.
@@ -779,9 +775,9 @@ public:
     /** Get the first child element, or optionally the first child
         element with the specified name.
     */
-    const XMLElement* FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;
+    const XMLElement* FirstChildElement( const char* name = nullptr ) const;
 
-    XMLElement* FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 )	{
+    XMLElement* FirstChildElement( const char* name = nullptr )	{
         return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->FirstChildElement( name ));
     }
 
@@ -797,9 +793,9 @@ public:
     /** Get the last child element or optionally the last child
         element with the specified name.
     */
-    const XMLElement* LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;
+    const XMLElement* LastChildElement( const char* name = nullptr ) const;
 
-    XMLElement* LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 )	{
+    XMLElement* LastChildElement( const char* name = nullptr )	{
         return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->LastChildElement(name) );
     }
 
@@ -813,9 +809,9 @@ public:
     }
 
     /// Get the previous (left) sibling element of this node, with an optionally supplied name.
-    const XMLElement*	PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const ;
+    const XMLElement*	PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = nullptr ) const ;
 
-    XMLElement*	PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) {
+    XMLElement*	PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = nullptr ) {
         return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) );
     }
 
@@ -829,9 +825,9 @@ public:
     }
 
     /// Get the next (right) sibling element of this node, with an optionally supplied name.
-    const XMLElement*	NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const;
+    const XMLElement*	NextSiblingElement( const char* name = nullptr ) const;
 
-    XMLElement*	NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )	{
+    XMLElement*	NextSiblingElement( const char* name = nullptr )	{
         return const_cast<XMLElement*>(const_cast<const XMLNode*>(this)->NextSiblingElement( name ) );
     }
 
@@ -973,8 +969,8 @@ private:
     void InsertChildPreamble( XMLNode* insertThis ) const;
     const XMLElement* ToElementWithName( const char* name ) const;
 
-    XMLNode( const XMLNode& );	// not supported
-    XMLNode& operator=( const XMLNode& );	// not supported
+    XMLNode( const XMLNode& ) = delete;
+    XMLNode& operator=( const XMLNode& ) = delete;
 };
 
 
@@ -1024,8 +1020,8 @@ protected:
 private:
     bool _isCData;
 
-    XMLText( const XMLText& );	// not supported
-    XMLText& operator=( const XMLText& );	// not supported
+    XMLText( const XMLText& ) = delete;
+    XMLText& operator=( const XMLText& ) = delete;
 };
 
 
@@ -1053,8 +1049,8 @@ protected:
     char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr) override;
 
 private:
-    XMLComment( const XMLComment& );	// not supported
-    XMLComment& operator=( const XMLComment& );	// not supported
+    XMLComment( const XMLComment& ) = delete;
+    XMLComment& operator=( const XMLComment& ) = delete;
 };
 
 
@@ -1092,8 +1088,8 @@ protected:
     char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr ) override;
 
 private:
-    XMLDeclaration( const XMLDeclaration& );	// not supported
-    XMLDeclaration& operator=( const XMLDeclaration& );	// not supported
+    XMLDeclaration( const XMLDeclaration& ) = delete;
+    XMLDeclaration& operator=( const XMLDeclaration& ) = delete;
 };
 
 
@@ -1127,8 +1123,8 @@ protected:
     char* ParseDeep( char* p, StrPair* parentEndTag, int* curLineNumPtr ) override;
 
 private:
-    XMLUnknown( const XMLUnknown& );	// not supported
-    XMLUnknown& operator=( const XMLUnknown& );	// not supported
+    XMLUnknown( const XMLUnknown& ) = delete;
+    XMLUnknown& operator=( const XMLUnknown& ) = delete;
 };
 
 
@@ -1242,11 +1238,11 @@ public:
 private:
     enum { BUF_SIZE = 200 };
 
-    XMLAttribute() : _name(), _value(),_parseLineNum( 0 ), _next( 0 ), _memPool( 0 ) {}
+    XMLAttribute() : _name(), _value(),_parseLineNum( 0 ), _next( nullptr ), _memPool( nullptr ) {}
     virtual ~XMLAttribute()	{}
 
-    XMLAttribute( const XMLAttribute& );	// not supported
-    void operator=( const XMLAttribute& );	// not supported
+    XMLAttribute( const XMLAttribute& ) = delete;
+    XMLAttribute& operator=( const XMLAttribute& ) = delete;
     void SetName( const char* name );
 
     char* ParseDeep( char* p, bool processEntities, int* curLineNumPtr );
@@ -1307,7 +1303,7 @@ public:
     	}
     	@endverbatim
     */
-    const char* Attribute( const char* name, const char* value=0 ) const;
+    const char* Attribute( const char* name, const char* value=nullptr ) const;
 
     /** Given an attribute name, IntAttribute() returns the value
     	of the attribute interpreted as an integer. The default
@@ -1687,8 +1683,8 @@ protected:
 private:
     XMLElement( XMLDocument* doc );
     virtual ~XMLElement();
-    XMLElement( const XMLElement& );	// not supported
-    void operator=( const XMLElement& );	// not supported
+    XMLElement( const XMLElement& ) = delete;
+    XMLElement& operator=( const XMLElement& ) = delete;
 
     XMLAttribute* FindOrCreateAttribute( const char* name );
     char* ParseAttributes( char* p, int* curLineNumPtr );
@@ -1831,7 +1827,7 @@ public:
     	// printer.CStr() has a const char* to the XML
     	@endverbatim
     */
-    void Print( XMLPrinter* streamer=0 ) const;
+    void Print( XMLPrinter* streamer=nullptr ) const;
     virtual bool Accept( XMLVisitor* visitor ) const override;
 
     /**
@@ -1863,7 +1859,7 @@ public:
     		<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
     	@endverbatim
     */
-    XMLDeclaration* NewDeclaration( const char* text=0 );
+    XMLDeclaration* NewDeclaration( const char* text=nullptr );
     /**
     	Create a new Unknown associated with
     	this Document. The memory for the object
@@ -1931,8 +1927,8 @@ public:
     }
 
 private:
-    XMLDocument( const XMLDocument& );	// not supported
-    void operator=( const XMLDocument& );	// not supported
+    XMLDocument( const XMLDocument& ) = delete;
+    XMLDocument& operator=( const XMLDocument& ) = delete;
 
     bool			_writeBOM;
     bool			_processEntities;
@@ -2072,35 +2068,35 @@ public:
 
     /// Get the first child of this handle.
     XMLHandle FirstChild() 													{
-        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChild() : 0 );
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChild() : nullptr );
     }
     /// Get the first child element of this handle.
-    XMLHandle FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 )						{
-        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChildElement( name ) : 0 );
+    XMLHandle FirstChildElement( const char* name = nullptr )						{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChildElement( name ) : nullptr );
     }
     /// Get the last child of this handle.
     XMLHandle LastChild()													{
-        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->LastChild() : 0 );
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->LastChild() : nullptr );
     }
     /// Get the last child element of this handle.
-    XMLHandle LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 )						{
-        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->LastChildElement( name ) : 0 );
+    XMLHandle LastChildElement( const char* name = nullptr )						{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->LastChildElement( name ) : nullptr );
     }
     /// Get the previous sibling of this handle.
     XMLHandle PreviousSibling()												{
-        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSibling() : 0 );
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSibling() : nullptr );
     }
     /// Get the previous sibling element of this handle.
-    XMLHandle PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )				{
-        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );
+    XMLHandle PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = nullptr )				{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) : nullptr );
     }
     /// Get the next sibling of this handle.
     XMLHandle NextSibling()													{
-        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->NextSibling() : 0 );
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->NextSibling() : nullptr );
     }
     /// Get the next sibling element of this handle.
-    XMLHandle NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 )					{
-        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->NextSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );
+    XMLHandle NextSiblingElement( const char* name = nullptr )					{
+        return XMLHandle( _node ? _node->NextSiblingElement( name ) : nullptr );
     }
 
     /// Safe cast to XMLNode. This can return null.
@@ -2109,19 +2105,19 @@ public:
     }
     /// Safe cast to XMLElement. This can return null.
     XMLElement* ToElement() 					{
-        return ( _node ? _node->ToElement() : 0 );
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToElement() : nullptr );
     }
     /// Safe cast to XMLText. This can return null.
     XMLText* ToText() 							{
-        return ( _node ? _node->ToText() : 0 );
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToText() : nullptr );
     }
     /// Safe cast to XMLUnknown. This can return null.
     XMLUnknown* ToUnknown() 					{
-        return ( _node ? _node->ToUnknown() : 0 );
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToUnknown() : nullptr );
     }
     /// Safe cast to XMLDeclaration. This can return null.
     XMLDeclaration* ToDeclaration() 			{
-        return ( _node ? _node->ToDeclaration() : 0 );
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToDeclaration() : nullptr );
     }
 
 private:
@@ -2149,28 +2145,28 @@ public:
     }
 
     const XMLConstHandle FirstChild() const											{
-        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChild() : 0 );
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChild() : nullptr );
     }
-    const XMLConstHandle FirstChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const				{
-        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChildElement( name ) : 0 );
+    const XMLConstHandle FirstChildElement( const char* name = nullptr ) const				{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->FirstChildElement( name ) : nullptr );
     }
     const XMLConstHandle LastChild()	const										{
-        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->LastChild() : 0 );
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->LastChild() : nullptr );
     }
-    const XMLConstHandle LastChildElement( const char* name = 0 ) const				{
-        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->LastChildElement( name ) : 0 );
+    const XMLConstHandle LastChildElement( const char* name = nullptr ) const				{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->LastChildElement( name ) : nullptr );
     }
     const XMLConstHandle PreviousSibling() const									{
-        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSibling() : 0 );
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSibling() : nullptr );
     }
-    const XMLConstHandle PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const		{
-        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );
+    const XMLConstHandle PreviousSiblingElement( const char* name = nullptr ) const		{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->PreviousSiblingElement( name ) : nullptr );
     }
     const XMLConstHandle NextSibling() const										{
-        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->NextSibling() : 0 );
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->NextSibling() : nullptr );
     }
-    const XMLConstHandle NextSiblingElement( const char* name = 0 ) const			{
-        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->NextSiblingElement( name ) : 0 );
+    const XMLConstHandle NextSiblingElement( const char* name = nullptr ) const			{
+        return XMLConstHandle( _node ? _node->NextSiblingElement( name ) : nullptr );
     }
 
 
@@ -2178,16 +2174,16 @@ public:
         return _node;
     }
     const XMLElement* ToElement() const			{
-        return ( _node ? _node->ToElement() : 0 );
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToElement() : nullptr );
     }
     const XMLText* ToText() const				{
-        return ( _node ? _node->ToText() : 0 );
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToText() : nullptr );
     }
     const XMLUnknown* ToUnknown() const			{
-        return ( _node ? _node->ToUnknown() : 0 );
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToUnknown() : nullptr );
     }
     const XMLDeclaration* ToDeclaration() const	{
-        return ( _node ? _node->ToDeclaration() : 0 );
+        return ( _node ? _node->ToDeclaration() : nullptr );
     }
 
 private:
@@ -2240,13 +2236,18 @@ private:
 class TINYXML2_LIB XMLPrinter : public XMLVisitor
 {
 public:
+    enum EscapeAposCharsInAttributes {
+        ESCAPE_APOS_CHARS_IN_ATTRIBUTES,
+        DONT_ESCAPE_APOS_CHARS_IN_ATTRIBUTES
+    };
+
     /** Construct the printer. If the FILE* is specified,
     	this will print to the FILE. Else it will print
     	to memory, and the result is available in CStr().
     	If 'compact' is set to true, then output is created
     	with only required whitespace and newlines.
     */
-    XMLPrinter( FILE* file=0, bool compact = false, int depth = 0 );
+    XMLPrinter( FILE* file=nullptr, bool compact = false, int depth = 0, EscapeAposCharsInAttributes aposInAttributes = ESCAPE_APOS_CHARS_IN_ATTRIBUTES );
     virtual ~XMLPrinter()	{}
 
     /** If streaming, write the BOM and declaration. */
@@ -2368,9 +2369,9 @@ private:
 
     DynArray< char, 20 > _buffer;
 
-    // Prohibit cloning, intentionally not implemented
-    XMLPrinter( const XMLPrinter& );
-    XMLPrinter& operator=( const XMLPrinter& );
+    // Prohibit cloning
+    XMLPrinter( const XMLPrinter& ) = delete;
+    XMLPrinter& operator=( const XMLPrinter& ) = delete;
 };
 
 

xmltest.cpp

@@ -45,13 +45,15 @@ bool XMLTest (const char* testString, const char* expected, const char* found, b
 		printf (" %s\n", testString);
 	}
 	else {
+		const char* expectedStr = expected ? expected : "(null)";
+		const char* foundStr    = found    ? found    : "(null)";
 		if ( extraNL ) {
 			printf( " %s\n", testString );
-			printf( "%s\n", expected );
-			printf( "%s\n", found );
+			printf( "%s\n", expectedStr );
+			printf( "%s\n", foundStr );
 		}
 		else {
-			printf (" %s [%s][%s]\n", testString, expected, found);
+			printf (" %s [%s][%s]\n", testString, expectedStr, foundStr);
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -324,9 +326,9 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 
 		printf( "Test file '%s' loaded. ErrorID=%d\n", argv[1], errorID );
 		if ( !errorID ) {
-			printf( "Load time=%u\n",   (unsigned)(loadTime - startTime) );
-			printf( "Delete time=%u\n", (unsigned)(deleteTime - loadTime) );
-			printf( "Total time=%u\n",  (unsigned)(deleteTime - startTime) );
+			printf( "Load time=%u\n",   static_cast<unsigned>(loadTime - startTime) );
+			printf( "Delete time=%u\n", static_cast<unsigned>(deleteTime - loadTime) );
+			printf( "Total time=%u\n",  static_cast<unsigned>(deleteTime - startTime) );
 		}
 		exit(0);
 	}
@@ -595,8 +597,8 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 
 		result = ele->QueryDoubleAttribute( "attr0", &dVal );
 		XMLTest( "Query attribute: int as double", XML_SUCCESS, result);
-		XMLTest( "Query attribute: int as double", 1, (int)dVal );
-		XMLTest( "Query attribute: int as double", 1, (int)ele->DoubleAttribute("attr0"));
+		XMLTest( "Query attribute: int as double", 1, static_cast<int>(dVal) );
+		XMLTest( "Query attribute: int as double", 1, static_cast<int>(ele->DoubleAttribute("attr0")));
 
 		result = ele->QueryDoubleAttribute( "attr1", &dVal );
 		XMLTest( "Query attribute: double as double", XML_SUCCESS, result);
@@ -648,17 +650,17 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 
 		{
 			XMLError queryResult = ele->QueryAttribute( "int", &iVal2 );
-			XMLTest( "Query int attribute generic", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult);
+			XMLTest( "Query int attribute generic", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult);
 		}
 		{
 			XMLError queryResult = ele->QueryAttribute( "double", &dVal2 );
-			XMLTest( "Query double attribute generic", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult);
+			XMLTest( "Query double attribute generic", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult);
 		}
 
 		XMLTest( "Attribute match test", "strValue", ele->Attribute( "str", "strValue" ) );
 		XMLTest( "Attribute round trip. c-string.", "strValue", cStr );
 		XMLTest( "Attribute round trip. int.", 1, iVal );
-		XMLTest( "Attribute round trip. double.", -1, (int)dVal );
+		XMLTest( "Attribute round trip. double.", -1, static_cast<int>(dVal) );
 		XMLTest( "Alternate query", true, iVal == iVal2 );
 		XMLTest( "Alternate query", true, dVal == dVal2 );
 		XMLTest( "Alternate query", true, iVal == ele->IntAttribute("int") );
@@ -675,7 +677,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 		const unsigned char correctValue[] = {	0xd1U, 0x86U, 0xd0U, 0xb5U, 0xd0U, 0xbdU, 0xd0U, 0xbdU,
 												0xd0U, 0xbeU, 0xd1U, 0x81U, 0xd1U, 0x82U, 0xd1U, 0x8cU, 0 };
 
-		XMLTest( "UTF-8: Russian value.", (const char*)correctValue, element->Attribute( "value" ) );
+		XMLTest( "UTF-8: Russian value.", reinterpret_cast<const char*>(correctValue), element->Attribute( "value" ) );
 
 		const unsigned char russianElementName[] = {	0xd0U, 0xa0U, 0xd1U, 0x83U,
 														0xd1U, 0x81U, 0xd1U, 0x81U,
@@ -683,7 +685,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 														0xd0U, 0xb9U, 0 };
 		const char russianText[] = "<\xD0\xB8\xD0\xBC\xD0\xB5\xD0\xB5\xD1\x82>";
 
-		XMLText* text = doc.FirstChildElement( "document" )->FirstChildElement( (const char*) russianElementName )->FirstChild()->ToText();
+		XMLText* text = doc.FirstChildElement( "document" )->FirstChildElement( reinterpret_cast<const char*>(russianElementName) )->FirstChild()->ToText();
 		XMLTest( "UTF-8: Browsing russian element name.",
 				 russianText,
 				 text->Value() );
@@ -824,7 +826,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 			{
 				int v = 0;
 				XMLError queryResult = element->QueryAttribute("attrib", &v);
-				XMLTest("Attribute: int", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult, true);
+				XMLTest("Attribute: int", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult, true);
 				XMLTest("Attribute: int", -100, v, true);
 			}
 			XMLTest("Attribute: int", -100, element->IntAttribute("attrib"), true);
@@ -840,7 +842,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 			{
 				unsigned v = 0;
 				XMLError queryResult = element->QueryAttribute("attrib", &v);
-				XMLTest("Attribute: unsigned", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult, true);
+				XMLTest("Attribute: unsigned", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult, true);
 				XMLTest("Attribute: unsigned", unsigned(100), v, true);
 			}
 			{
@@ -864,7 +866,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 			{
 				int64_t v = 0;
 				XMLError queryResult = element->QueryAttribute("attrib", &v);
-				XMLTest("Attribute: int64_t", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult, true);
+				XMLTest("Attribute: int64_t", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult, true);
 				XMLTest("Attribute: int64_t", BIG, v, true);
 			}
 			XMLTest("Attribute: int64_t", BIG, element->Int64Attribute("attrib"), true);
@@ -880,7 +882,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
             {
                 uint64_t v = 0;
 				XMLError queryResult = element->QueryAttribute("attrib", &v);
-                XMLTest("Attribute: uint64_t", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult, true);
+                XMLTest("Attribute: uint64_t", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult, true);
                 XMLTest("Attribute: uint64_t", BIG_POS, v, true);
             }
             XMLTest("Attribute: uint64_t", BIG_POS, element->Unsigned64Attribute("attrib"), true);
@@ -896,7 +898,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 			{
 				bool v = false;
 				XMLError queryResult = element->QueryAttribute("attrib", &v);
-				XMLTest("Attribute: bool", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult, true);
+				XMLTest("Attribute: bool", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult, true);
 				XMLTest("Attribute: bool", true, v, true);
 			}
 			XMLTest("Attribute: bool", true, element->BoolAttribute("attrib"), true);
@@ -924,7 +926,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 			{
 				double v = 0;
 				XMLError queryResult = element->QueryAttribute("attrib", &v);
-				XMLTest("Attribute: bool", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult, true);
+				XMLTest("Attribute: bool", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult, true);
 				XMLTest("Attribute: double", 100.0, v, true);
 			}
 			XMLTest("Attribute: double", 100.0, element->DoubleAttribute("attrib"), true);
@@ -940,7 +942,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 			{
 				float v = 0;
 				XMLError queryResult = element->QueryAttribute("attrib", &v);
-				XMLTest("Attribute: float", (int)XML_SUCCESS, queryResult, true);
+				XMLTest("Attribute: float", static_cast<int>(XML_SUCCESS), queryResult, true);
 				XMLTest("Attribute: float", 100.0f, v, true);
 			}
 			XMLTest("Attribute: float", 100.0f, element->FloatAttribute("attrib"), true);
@@ -1068,15 +1070,15 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 
 			unsigned  unsigned_value;
 			unsigned_value = root->FirstChildElement("unsigned")->UnsignedText();
-			XMLTest("PushText( unsigned value ) test", (unsigned)12, unsigned_value);
+			XMLTest("PushText( unsigned value ) test", static_cast<unsigned>(12), unsigned_value);
 
 			int64_t  int64_t_value;
 			int64_t_value = root->FirstChildElement("int64_t")->Int64Text();
-			XMLTest("PushText( int64_t value ) test", (int64_t) 13, int64_t_value);
+			XMLTest("PushText( int64_t value ) test", static_cast<int64_t>(13), int64_t_value);
 
 			uint64_t uint64_t_value;
 			uint64_t_value = root->FirstChildElement("uint64_t")->Unsigned64Text();
-			XMLTest("PushText( uint64_t value ) test", (uint64_t) 14, uint64_t_value);
+			XMLTest("PushText( uint64_t value ) test", static_cast<uint64_t>(14), uint64_t_value);
 
 			float  float_value;
 			float_value = root->FirstChildElement("float")->FloatText();
@@ -1397,7 +1399,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 		buf[61] = 0;
 
 		XMLDocument doc;
-		doc.Parse( (const char*)buf);
+		doc.Parse( reinterpret_cast<const char*>(buf) );
 		XMLTest( "Broken CDATA", true, doc.Error() );
 	}
 
@@ -1753,7 +1755,7 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 			unsigned unsignedValue = 0;
 			XMLError queryResult = pointElement->FirstChildElement( "y" )->QueryUnsignedText( &unsignedValue );
 			XMLTest( "QueryUnsignedText result", XML_SUCCESS, queryResult, false );
-			XMLTest( "QueryUnsignedText", (unsigned)1, unsignedValue, false );
+			XMLTest( "QueryUnsignedText", static_cast<unsigned>(1), unsignedValue, false );
 		}
 
 		{
@@ -2025,7 +2027,13 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 		XMLTest("Parse nested elements with pedantic whitespace", false, doc.Error());
 		XMLTest("Pedantic whitespace", true, 0 == doc.RootElement()->FirstChildElement()->GetText());
 	}
-
+	//Check the robustness of the DeleteNode function in handling null pointers.
+	{
+		XMLDocument doc;
+		doc.DeleteNode(nullptr);
+		XMLTest("DeleteNode with null pointer", true, doc.Error() == XML_SUCCESS);
+	}
+		
 	// Check sample xml can be parsed with pedantic mode
 	{
 		XMLDocument doc(true, PEDANTIC_WHITESPACE);
@@ -2695,6 +2703,91 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 		XMLTest("Test attribute encode with a Hex value", value5, "!"); // hex value in unicode value
 	}
 
+	// ---------- Security: numeric character reference bounds ----------
+	{
+		// Regression: U+10FFFF is the last valid Unicode code point and must
+		// parse correctly. The in-loop overflow guard must not reject it.
+		XMLDocument doc;
+		doc.Parse( "<t v='&#x10FFFF;'/>" );
+		XMLTest( "Numeric ref U+10FFFF: no error", false, doc.Error() );
+		const char* v = doc.FirstChildElement()->Attribute( "v" );
+		// U+10FFFF encodes to the 4-byte UTF-8 sequence F4 8F BF BF.
+		const char expected[] = {
+			static_cast<char>(0xF4), static_cast<char>(0x8F),
+			static_cast<char>(0xBF), static_cast<char>(0xBF), 0
+		};
+		XMLTest( "Numeric ref U+10FFFF: correct UTF-8 output", expected, v );
+	}
+	{
+		// Boundary check: U+110000 is one above the maximum code point.
+		// The in-loop overflow guard must catch this before ucs is written,
+		// leaving the entity as a literal (starting with '&').
+		XMLDocument doc;
+		doc.Parse( "<t v='&#x110000;'/>" );
+		XMLTest( "Numeric ref U+110000: no parse error", false, doc.Error() );
+		const char* v = doc.FirstChildElement()->Attribute( "v" );
+		XMLTest( "Numeric ref U+110000: not resolved (left as literal)", true,
+		         v != nullptr && v[0] == '&' );
+	}
+	{
+		// A hex entity with enough digits to overflow uint32_t must
+		// be rejected by the in-loop guard before the accumulator wraps.
+		// Before the fix, ucs could wrap around and pass the post-loop range
+		// check, producing an attacker-chosen character in the parsed output.
+		// Build "&#x" + 300 'F' digits + ";" -- far beyond what fits in uint32_t.
+		const char prefix[] = "<t v='&#x";
+		const char suffix[] = ";'/>";
+		static const int NDIGITS = 300;
+		char xml[sizeof(prefix) + NDIGITS + sizeof(suffix)];
+		strcpy( xml, prefix );
+		memset( xml + strlen(prefix), 'F', NDIGITS );
+		strcpy( xml + strlen(prefix) + NDIGITS, suffix );
+
+		XMLDocument doc;
+		doc.Parse( xml );
+		XMLTest( "Overflow hex entity: no parse error", false, doc.Error() );
+		const char* v = doc.FirstChildElement()->Attribute( "v" );
+		// GetCharacterRef returns 0 for rejected refs; the caller then copies
+		// the literal '&', so the attribute must start with '&', not a char.
+		XMLTest( "Overflow hex entity: not resolved to a character", true,
+		         v != nullptr && v[0] == '&' );
+	}
+
+	// ---------- XMLPrinter Apos Escaping ------
+	{
+		const char* testText = "text containing a ' character";
+		XMLDocument doc;
+		XMLElement* element = doc.NewElement( "element" );
+		doc.InsertEndChild( element );
+		element->SetAttribute( "attrib", testText );
+		{
+			XMLPrinter defaultPrinter;
+			doc.Print( &defaultPrinter );
+			const char* defaultOutput = defaultPrinter.CStr();
+			const bool foundTextWithUnescapedApos = (strstr(defaultOutput, testText) != nullptr); 
+			XMLTest("Default XMLPrinter should escape ' characters", false, foundTextWithUnescapedApos);
+			{
+				XMLDocument parsingDoc;
+				parsingDoc.Parse(defaultOutput);
+				const XMLAttribute* attrib = parsingDoc.FirstChildElement("element")->FindAttribute("attrib");
+				XMLTest("Default XMLPrinter should output parsable xml", testText, attrib->Value(), true);
+			}
+		}
+		{
+			XMLPrinter customPrinter(0, false, 0, XMLPrinter::DONT_ESCAPE_APOS_CHARS_IN_ATTRIBUTES);
+			doc.Print( &customPrinter );
+			const char* customOutput = customPrinter.CStr();
+			const bool foundTextWithUnescapedApos = (strstr(customOutput, testText) != nullptr); 
+			XMLTest("Custom XMLPrinter should not escape ' characters", true, foundTextWithUnescapedApos);
+			{
+				XMLDocument parsingDoc;
+				parsingDoc.Parse(customOutput);
+				const XMLAttribute* attrib = parsingDoc.FirstChildElement("element")->FindAttribute("attrib");
+				XMLTest("Custom XMLPrinter should output parsable xml", testText, attrib->Value(), true);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	
     // ----------- Performance tracking --------------
 	{
 #if defined( _MSC_VER )
@@ -2744,9 +2837,9 @@ int main( int argc, const char ** argv )
 #endif
 
 #if defined( _MSC_VER )
-		const double duration = 1000.0 * (double)(end - start) / ((double)freq * (double)COUNT);
+		const double duration = 1000.0 * static_cast<double>(end - start) / (static_cast<double>(freq) * static_cast<double>(COUNT));
 #else
-		const double duration = (double)(cend - cstart) / (double)COUNT;
+		const double duration = static_cast<double>(cend - cstart) / static_cast<double>(COUNT);
 #endif
 		printf("\nParsing dream.xml (%s): %.3f milli-seconds\n", note, duration);
 	}