C-API cleanup: moved cvErrorStr to new interface, minor ts changes #26101
Merge with opencv/opencv_contrib#3786
**Note:** `toString` might be too generic name (even though it is in `cv::Error::` namespace), another variant is `codeToString` (we have `typeToString` and `depthToString` in check.hpp).
**Note:** _ts_ module seem to have no other C API usage except for `ArrayTest` class which requires refactoring.
Move API focused C++ samples to snippets #25252
Clean Samples #25006
This PR removes 39 outdated C++ samples from the project, as part of an effort to keep the codebase clean and focused on current best practices.
CI pipeline with Windows 10 ARM64 for 5.x #25428
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Fix mesh loading for texture coordinates and face indices #25382
### This PR changes
* Texture coordinates were stored incorrectly (3-channel array is read as if there were 2 channels), fixed
* Faces were pushed back to the output array instead of indexed writing which produced a lot of empty faces, fixed
* A set of ground truth tests were added to cover these issues
* `std::vector<cv::Mat>` support added for `saveMesh()` which is required for Python bindings
* More command line args were added to rasterization test data generator
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OBJ and PLY loaders extention to support texture coordinates and difused colors #25221
### This PR changes
* Texture coordinates support added to `loadMesh()` and `saveMesh()`
* `loadMesh()` changes its behavior: all vertex attribute arrays (vertex coordinates, colors, normals, texture coordinates) now have the same size and same-index corresponce
- This makes sense for OBJ files where vertex attribute arrays are independent from each other and are randomly accessed when defining faces
- Looks like this behavior may also happen in some PLY files; however, it is not implemented until we encounter such files in a wild nature
- At the same time `loadPointCloud()` keeps its behavior and loads vertex attributes as they are given in the file
* PLY loader supports synonyms for the properties: `diffuse_red`, `diffuse_green` and `diffuse_blue` along with `red`, `green` and `blue`
* `std::vector<cv::Vec3i>` supported as an index array type
* Colors are loaded as [0, 1] floats instead of uchars
- Since colors are usually saved as floats, internal conversion to uchar at loading significantly drops accuracy
- Performing uchar conversion does not always makes sense and can be performed by a user if they needs it
* PLY loading fixed: wrong offset ruined x coordinate
* Python tests added for `loadPointCloud` and `loadMesh`
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C-API cleanup: apps, imgproc_c and some constants #25075
Merge with https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/pull/3642
* Removed obsolete apps - traincascade and createsamples (please use older OpenCV versions if you need them). These apps relied heavily on C-API
* removed all mentions of imgproc C-API headers (imgproc_c.h, types_c.h) - they were empty, included core C-API headers
* replaced usage of several C constants with C++ ones (error codes, norm modes, RNG modes, PCA modes, ...) - most part of this PR (split into two parts - all modules and calib+3d - for easier backporting)
* removed imgproc C-API headers (as separate commit, so that other changes could be backported to 4.x)
Most of these changes can be backported to 4.x.
[GSoC] Update octree methods and create frames for PCC #23985
## PR for GSoC Point Cloud Compression
[Issue for GSoC 2023](https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23624)
* We are **updating the Octree method create() by using OctreeKey**: Through voxelization, directly calculate the leaf nodes that the point cloud belongs to, and omit the judgment whether the point cloud is in the range when inserted. The index of the child node is calculated by bit operation.
* We are also **introducing a new header file pcc.h (Point Cloud Compression) with API framework**.
* We added tests for restoring point clouds from an octree.
* Currently, the features related to octree creation and point cloud compression are part of the internal API, which means they are not directly accessible to users. However, our plan for the future is to **include only the 'PointCloudCompression' class in the 'opencv2/3d.hpp' header file**. This will provide an interface for utilizing the point cloud compression functionality.
The previous PR of this was closed due to repo name conflicts, therefore we resubmitted in this PR.
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
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Triangle rasterization function #24459#24065 reopened since the previous one was automatically closed after rebase
Connected PR with ground truth data: [#1113@extra](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1113)
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
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PLY mesh support #24961
**Warning:** The PR changes exising API.
Fixes#24960
Connected PR: [#1145@extra](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1145)
### Changes
* Adds faces loading from and saving to PLY files
* Fixes incorrect PLY loading (see issue)
* Adds per-vertex color loading / saving
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
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finiteMask() and doubles for patchNaNs() #23098
Related to #22826
Connected PR in extra: [#1037@extra](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1037)
### TODOs:
- [ ] Vectorize `finiteMask()` for 64FC3 and 64FC4
### Changes
This PR:
* adds a new function `finiteMask()`
* extends `patchNaNs()` by CV_64F support
* moves `patchNaNs()` and `finiteMask()` to a separate file
**NOTE:** now the function is called `finiteMask()` as discussed with the OpenCV core team
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
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* attempt to add 0d/1d mat support to OpenCV
* revised the patch; now 1D mat is treated as 1xN 2D mat rather than Nx1.
* a step towards 'green' tests
* another little step towards 'green' tests
* calib test failures seem to be fixed now
* more fixes _core & _dnn
* another step towards green ci; even 0D mat's (a.k.a. scalars) are now partly supported!
* * fixed strange bug in aruco/charuco detector, not sure why it did not work
* also fixed a few remaining failures (hopefully) in dnn & core
* disabled failing GAPI tests - too complex to dig into this compiler pipeline
* hopefully fixed java tests
* trying to fix some more tests
* quick followup fix
* continue to fix test failures and warnings
* quick followup fix
* trying to fix some more tests
* partly fixed support for 0D/scalar UMat's
* use updated parseReduce() from upstream
* trying to fix the remaining test failures
* fixed [ch]aruco tests in Python
* still trying to fix tests
* revert "fix" in dnn's CUDA tensor
* trying to fix dnn+CUDA test failures
* fixed 1D umat creation
* hopefully fixed remaining cuda test failures
* removed training whitespaces
* started working on adding 32u, 64u, 64s, bool and 16bf types to OpenCV
* core & imgproc tests seem to pass
* fixed a few compile errors and test failures on macOS x86
* hopefully fixed some compile problems and test failures
* fixed some more warnings and test failures
* trying to fix small deviations in perf_core & perf_imgproc by revering randf_64f to exact version used before
* trying to fix behavior of the new OpenCV with old plugins; there is (quite strong) assumption that video capture would give us frames with depth == CV_8U (0) or CV_16U (2). If depth is > 7 then it means that the plugin is built with the old OpenCV. It needs to be recompiled, of course and then this hack can be removed.
* try to repair the case when target arch does not have FP64 SIMD
* 1. fixed bug in itoa() found by alalek
2. restored ==, !=, > and < univ. intrinsics on ARM32/ARM64.
Merge usac to 5.x #24005
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
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- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
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Base branch is PR #23979. Merging PR #23078, 23900 and PR #23806 to 5.x
GSoC: Modified PLY reader to support color attribute read/write #23805
* Modified PLY reader to support color attribute read/write
* Fix bugs & Modified OBJ reader for color IO
* Replace with correct test file
* Fix I/O of property [w] in OBJ files
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
**Merged with https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1075**
[Issue for GSoC 2023](https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23624)
The ply loader in 3D module doesn't support color attribute reading. I modified that to support color attribute reading & writing for the color attribute compression as described in proposal.
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
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- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
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Maksim Shabunin
Suleyman TURKMEN
WU Jia
Alexander Smorkalov
Alexander Smorkalov
Vincent Rabaud
Alexander Smorkalov
Gursimar Singh
Rostislav Vasilikhin
Dmitry Kurtaev
Zhangjie Chen
Maksym Ivashechkin
Vadim Pisarevsky
Maksym Ivashechkin
Alexander Alekhin