Dnn pow layer output type fix#29124
### Description
This pull request needs https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1372 to run.
**issue:** when running disk-lightglue `.onnx` model, such error message is thrown:
```bash
Error message OpenCV(5.0.0-pre) /home/tapakya/cpp/opencv_mod/opencv/modules/dnn/src/layers/nary_eltwise_layers.cpp:410: error: (-2:Unspecified error) in function 'virtual void cv::dnn::NaryEltwiseLayerImpl::getTypes(const std::vector<int>&, int, int, std::vector<int>&, std::vector<int>&) const'
> All inputs should have equal types (expected: 'inputs[0] == input'), where
> 'inputs[0]' is 11 (CV_64SC1)
> must be equal to
> 'input' is 5 (CV_32FC1)
```
This is because in `nary_eltwise_layers.cpp`, `getTypes` didn't set the output type of power operation correctly. `int`^`float` should output `float`, whereas `getTypes` set the output type to `int` in this case.
```c++
if (op == OPERATION::POW) {
CV_Assert(inputs.size() == 2);
auto isIntegerType = [](int t) {
return t == CV_8S || t == CV_8U || t == CV_16S || t == CV_16U || t == CV_32S || t == CV_32U || t == CV_64S || t == CV_64U;
};
auto isFloatType = [](int t) {
return t == CV_32F || t == CV_64F || t == CV_16F || t == CV_16BF;
};
int out_type;
const bool baseIsInt = isIntegerType(inputs[0]);
const bool expIsInt = isIntegerType(inputs[1]);
const bool baseIsFloat = isFloatType(inputs[0]);
const bool expIsFloat = isFloatType(inputs[1]);
if ((baseIsInt && expIsInt) || (baseIsFloat && expIsFloat))
{
out_type = (inputs[0] == inputs[1]) ? inputs[0] : CV_32F;
}
else if (baseIsFloat != expIsFloat)
{
out_type = inputs[0];
// if base is int and exp is float, output type should be float
}
```
**fix:** corrected the logic of determining output type
```c++
if ((baseIsInt && expIsInt) || (baseIsFloat && expIsFloat))
{
out_type = (inputs[0] == inputs[1]) ? inputs[0] : CV_32F;
}
else if (baseIsFloat && !expIsFloat)
{
out_type = inputs[0];
}
else if (!baseIsFloat && expIsFloat)
{
out_type = CV_32F;
}
```
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dnn: skip Conv2Int8 fusion for grouped convs with Kg<8 (#28798) #28920
OpenCV Extra: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1360
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---
Fixes#28798.
The YuNet 2023mar int8 model from opencv_zoo doesn't detect anything on 5.x. With `--score_threshold
0.05` the detector still returns no boxes, so it's not just a confidence drop — the network output is
broken.
After dumping intermediate tensors and comparing against onnxruntime, the `obj_*` branches collapse to
~0 (saturated int8 `-128`), and the `cls_*` branches saturate the other way. Final score is `cls * obj`
so nothing ever crosses threshold.
The cause is in `Conv2Int8`'s VNNI kernel. It processes `K0 = 8` output channels per SIMD iteration and
writes them as one `K0`-wide block to `out + (n*K1 + k1)*planesize` with `k1 = k_base / K0`. When
`ngroups > 1` and `Kg = K/ngroups < K0`, consecutive groups share the same `k1` slot and overwrite each
other — only the last group's result survives. YuNet has six `1x1x3x3` depthwise conv heads (`Kg = 1`),
which is exactly this case.
The unfused `DequantizeLinear → Conv2 → QuantizeLinear` path is fine. The minimal fix here is to skip
the rewrite to `Conv2Int8` when `Kg < 8` so we fall back to the float path. A proper depthwise int8
kernel can be added later as a separate optimization.
Verified with `samples/dnn/face_detect.py` on Lena:
Before:
AssertionError: Cannot find a face in samples/data/lena.jpg
After:
Face 0, top-left coordinates: (204, 187), box width: 149, box height 212, score: 0.89
Cross-check vs onnxruntime: `cls_8` mean `0.673` (was `0.93`, ORT `0.673`), `obj_8` max `0.0039` (was
`0`, ORT `0.0039`).
The regression test is a single 16-group depthwise `QLinearConv` with non-zero `x_zp`, added to
`Quantized_Convolution`. Test data is in opencv_extra on the matching branch (~9 KB total).
<img width="1864" height="1060" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a1b15c64-6b84-42b1-86a4-1d55474cb38c" />
Fixed write return status in videoio module#29087
closes: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24287
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Added MLAS third party module and integrated into GeMM path #28934
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fix int32 overflow in shape_utils::total() for large tensors #29093
Fixes https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24914
### Problem
When running inference with a ConvTranspose (deconvolution) layer on large inputs
(e.g. 4864×4864 with 30 channels), the DNN module crashes with:
OpenCV net_impl.cpp: error:
(expected: 'total(ints[i]) > 0'), where
'total(ints[i])' is -1455947776
must be greater than
'0' is 0
The root cause is `shape_utils::total()` which returns `int` (32-bit signed).
`ENGINE_CLASSIC` catches this via `CV_CheckGT` and throws.
`ENGINE_NEW` was silently bypassing the check — the overflow in `total()` itself
was never addressed.
### Changes
**`modules/dnn/include/opencv2/dnn/shape_utils.hpp`** — root fix
- Changed return type of both `total()` overloads from `int` to `size_t`
- Changed accumulator from `int elems = 1` to `size_t elems = 1`
**`modules/dnn/src/net_impl.cpp`**
- Updated `CV_CheckGT(total(...), 0)` to `CV_CheckGT(total(...), (size_t)0)`
to match the new return type
**`modules/dnn/src/net_impl2.cpp`**
- Added the same `CV_CheckGT` shape validation that `ENGINE_CLASSIC` has in
`net_impl.cpp:1333-1337` — `ENGINE_NEW` was missing this check entirely
**`modules/dnn/src/legacy_backend.hpp`**
- Removed the now-incorrect `(int)` cast in `CV_CheckEQ` — both sides are
now `size_t`
### Test
Added `Net.ShapeUtils_total_no_int32_overflow` in `modules/dnn/test/test_misc.cpp`:
- The shape [1920 × 1,478,656] is the exact im2col buffer from the bug report.
EXPECT_EQ verifies total() returns the correct size_t value 2,839,019,520.
EXPECT_LT documents that casting it to int wraps to -1,455,947,776 — the
value that caused the original crash.
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requires (YOLO26n , RetinaFace model download) : https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1357
added performance tests for 14 modern deep learning models to `modules/dnn/perf/perf_net.cpp.`
**Tests added**
- RT_DETR_L
- RF_DETR
- Grounding_DINO
- BlazeFace
- RetinaFace
- YOLO26n
- YOLO26m_Seg
- SegFormer_B2_Clothes
- Depth_Anything_V2
- SigLIP
- OWLv2
- RAFT
- SAM2_Encoder
- SAM2_Decoder
Models are available at: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1lpYAWSLMtxcmfDtYjiw0qwzZX0bCH-i4
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Add missing DataLayout constants in generated bindings for 5.x #29074
- Added DATA_LAYOUT_* constants to missing_consts so they
are manually injected into Core.java (same approach used for CV_8U, FILLED etc.)
- Added DataLayout entry to type_dict so the generator correctly maps
DataLayout
### Tests
modules/dnn/misc/java/test/DnnBlobFromImageWithParamsTest.java:
New test added:
- testDataLayoutConstants: verifies all DATA_LAYOUT_* constants are accessible from Core
Pre-existing tests enabled (were commented out earlier):
- testBlobFromImageWithParamsNHWCScalarScale: verifies blobFromImageWithParams
produces correct output with DATA_LAYOUT_NHWC and per-channel scalar scaling
- testBlobFromImageWithParams4chMultiImage: verifies blobFromImagesWithParams
correctly handles a batch of images with DATA_LAYOUT_NHWC layout
Closes : #27264
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[Bug Fix] Slice2 empty-range crash in new DNN engine#29029
Closes: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/29023
Merge with: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1363
## Summary
ENGINE_NEW asserted `CV_Assert(outsz >= 0)` in `slice2_layer.cpp` when an ONNX Slice op had `start > end` with positive step. Per ONNX spec, such slices are valid and
produce an empty-range output (size 0). The hard assertion crashed SwinIR inference on ENGINE_NEW.
## Fix
- Replaced the fatal assertion with a graceful clamp: when `outsz < 0`, set `outsz = 0` and `end = start`.
- Moved `allEnds[axis] = end` to after the clamp so downstream shape inference receives a consistent value (the previous order propagated un-clamped garbage end values
into `normalize_axis()`, causing SIGSEGV).
## Test
Adds `Reproducibility_SwinIR_ONNX` accuracy test in `test_model.cpp`. Test data registered in opencv_extra PR with matching branch name `fix/dnn-slice2-empty-range`.
- Without fix: 3/3 FAIL with `slice2_layer.cpp:124: (-215:Assertion failed) outsz >= 0`
- With fix: 3/3 PASS (CPU, OCL, OCL_FP16)
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SIMD Kernel speedup for DNN layers #28889
This PR add following speedups for Grounding Dino tiny model.
For Device: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-14900KS, x86, 32 Cores, ubuntu 24.04,
| Model | `ENGINE_NEW (Before)` | `ENGINE_NEW (After)` | `ENGINE_ORT` |
| :--- | :--- | :--- | :--- |
| **Grounding Dino Tiny** | 3130 ms | 1872.06 ms| 1800.18 ms|
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Fixed gatherND offset calculation #29084
Bug fix: fixed segmentation fault when running ALIKED onnx model with ENGINE_NEW.
### Description
issue: when running ALIKED onnx model with ENGINE_NEW, segmentation fault happens during the inference.
fix: fixed the offset calculation in gatherND.cpp, so gather does not access out-of-bound memory.
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Port of the 4.x patch to 5.x. Registers a new
ConsecutiveTransposePairsSubgraph in onnx_graph_simplifier.cpp's
simplifySubgraphs() so that consecutive Transpose nodes whose composed
permutation is identity are eliminated at the ONNX proto level. This
runs before either engine takes over, so both ENGINE_CLASSIC and
ENGINE_NEW benefit.
Equivalent optimizations exist in tf2onnx (TransposeOptimizer._transpose_handler)
and ONNX Runtime (HandleTransposeImpl, 'Permutations cancel' branch).
core: add YAML 1.2 support for FileStorage #28482Fixes: #26363
CI Update: https://github.com/opencv/ci-gha-workflow/pull/306
Summary:
- Bool true/false literals support
- Header-less YAMLs support for Python YAML module compatibility. Header-less files are parsed as YAMLs by default
- Added FORMAT_YAML_1_0 flag to FileStorage for fallback.
- New YAML1.2 header
Testing:
- Added Core_InputOutput.YAML_1_2_Compatibility test case in test_io.cpp.
- Added YAML interop test in Python
imgproc: add kernel size validation in boxFilter #29040
Check that ksize dimensions are strictly positive in boxFilter(), returning StsBadSize error instead of producing undefined behavior.
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Fixed subgraph name scoping in new DNN engine #28971
closes: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23663, https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/19977
OpenCV extra: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1362
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Rvv core norm #29057Fixesopencv/opencv#29052
### Problem
`Core_Norm/ElemWiseTest.accuracy/0` failed on RISC-V with RVV enabled when computing norm for `CV_16S` data.
The reported failing case was:
```text
src[0] ~ 16sC4 3-dim (1 x 116 x 40)
```
The expected norm result was a large positive `double`, but the RVV path returned an incorrect value:
```text
expected: 3370900308417
actual: -173296
```
This indicates that the problem was not in the public `cv::norm()` API, but in the RVV HAL implementation used for the `CV_16S` L2/L2SQR accumulation path.
### Root Cause
The RVV HAL has a specialized implementation for `CV_16S` L2 norm:
```cpp
NormL2_RVV<short, double>
```
The implementation widens `int16` values, squares them, converts the widened products to `float64`, accumulates them in an `f64m8` vector, and finally reduces the vector to a scalar `double`:
```cpp
auto s = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f64m8(0, vlmax);
...
auto v_mul = __riscv_vwmul(v, v, vl);
s = __riscv_vfadd_tu(s, s, __riscv_vfwcvt_f(v_mul, vl), vl);
...
return __riscv_vfmv_f(__riscv_vfredosum(...));
```
The bug was in the scalar initializer passed to `__riscv_vfredosum`.
Before this patch, the code created an `f64m1` scalar vector but used the maximum vector length for `e32m1`:
```cpp
__riscv_vfmv_s_f_f64m1(0, __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1())
```
This is inconsistent: the vector type is `f64m1`, so the VL used to initialize it must correspond to `e64m1`, not `e32m1`.
objdetect(aruco): fix maxCorrectionBits in predefined dictionaries #29034
This PR fixes the bugs in the creation of some dictionaries and standarizes its construction.
## Bugs
1. **DICT_ARUCO_MIP_36h12_DATA** was incorrectly assigned `maxCorrectionBits=12`, which is the intermarker distance. This was causing a high rate of false positives during detection, which is a significant problem.
2. **APRILTAG** dictionaries were incorrectly created with `maxCorrectionBits=0`, making it impossible to do error correction.
## Solution
Given a intermarker distance X, the correct `maxCorrectionBits = X/2 - 1`. Thus, standardize the construction of Dictionaries as such.
Python: add context manager compatibility for VideoCapture and VideoWriter #28967
### Description
This PR implements the context manager protocol (`with` statement support) for `cv2.VideoCapture` and `cv2.VideoWriter` objects in Python.
### Problem
Currently, these classes do not support the context manager protocol, leading to a `TypeError: ... object does not support the context manager protocol` when used with a `with` block. As reported in issue #28956, if an exception occurs before an explicit `.release()` call, the video resource or file remains locked in the system[cite: 298, 309].
### Identification & Motivation
By analyzing the issue and the Python binding structure of OpenCV, I identified that while the core logic resides in C++, the Pythonic behavior can be enhanced by injecting `__enter__` and `__exit__` methods during the module initialization. This ensures that resources are automatically and safely released even if the program execution is interrupted by an error[cite: 298, 325].
### Solution
I have modified `modules/python/package/cv2/__init__.py` to dynamically inject the necessary methods:
1. Defined `_video_enter` to return the object itself (standard context manager behavior).
2. Defined `_video_exit` to trigger the `.release()` method automatically.
3. Injected these methods into `VideoCapture` and `VideoWriter` classes immediately after the `bootstrap()` function to ensure the native C++ classes are correctly loaded into the global namespace.
Fixes#28956
Added net profiling support #28752
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imgproc: add findTRUContours - lock-free parallel contour extraction #28773
Integrates the TRUCO algorithm (Threaded Raster Unrestricted Contour Ownership, @cite TRUCO2026) as a transparent fast path inside `cv::findContours`. No API change is required: existing code automatically benefits when `mode=RETR_LIST` and no hierarchy output is requested.
### How it works
When `mode=RETR_LIST` and the caller does not request hierarchy, `findContours` delegates to the TRUCO parallel engine instead of Suzuki-Abe. All ContourApproximationModes are supported; approximation is applied in parallel after extraction. In all other cases the original Suzuki-Abe path is used unchanged.
### Key design ideas
- Row-strip domain decomposition parallelised via `cv::parallel_for_`
- Start-point ownership rule + speculative downward tracing eliminate tile stitching and synchronisation primitives (lock-free)
- 8-bit state space instead of the 32-bit integer labeling required by Suzuki-Abe, giving higher SIMD throughput and lower memory-bandwidth pressure
- Paged contour buffer (`TRUCOPagedContour`) avoids heap reallocation on the hot tracing path
- SIMD-accelerated row scanning via `cv::v_uint8` intrinsics
- Thread count controlled globally via `cv::setNumThreads()`, consistent with OpenCV conventions
### Output correctness
Significant effort has gone into ensuring the output is identical to the original `findContours` in every respect: same contour set, same ordering, and same approximation results for all methods. A dedicated test suite (`test_contours_truco.cpp`) verifies exact match against Suzuki-Abe across all four `ContourApproximationModes` and thread counts from 1 to 39, using noise images, circles, nested rectangles, and mixed scenes.
### Performance vs. Suzuki-Abe (from submitted paper)
- single-thread: ~1.8–1.9× faster (8-bit SIMD advantage)
- 20 threads: ~14–20× faster on i7-13700H (6P+8E, 20T)
- 20 threads: ~10–12× faster on Xeon Silver 4510 (12C/24T)
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Use Xcode DocC tool for buiding Apple platform docs + add quick-start tutorial #28704
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This PR resolves https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/28702 and https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/28703
Additionally it resolves build issues on Apple platforms by making build scripts run with Python 3
Add ARMPL support for DFT Function #28664
- This PR introduces hal/armpl/ with implementation of 1D, 2D DFT and DCT routines using ARM Performance Libraries as a custom HAL replacement for OpenCV's DFT & DCT Function.
- ArmPL MSI package is automatically downloaded and extracted via CMake when building on Windows ARM64, with a WITH_ARMPL option that defaults to ON for that platform.
- Forward and inverse real DFT calls in dxt.cpp are routed through ArmPL when available, with scaling applied only when needed.
- Test error thresholds in test_dxt.cpp are relaxed (from 1e-5 to 2e-4 for float ) to account for numerical differences between ArmPL and OpenCV's reference DFT results.
**Performance Benchmarks :**
<img width="993" height="835" alt="image" src="https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/76def647-6d20-4bce-8bc9-7363e723669f" />
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- Implement inrange_simd() covering uchar/ushort/short, chan=1/2/3/4
- Replace legacy CV_SIMD128 run_inrange3 with modern CV_SIMD API
- Extend perf tests to cover all added type/channel combinations
- Resolves TODO introduced in #12608 (2018)
Alexander Smorkalov
Shelia J.
sujal
Abhishek Gola
Alexander Smorkalov
Varun Jaiswal
Naresh
Vadim Pisarevsky
Kevin Lin
Om Navin Rope
satyam yadav
熊阔豪
Teddy-Yangjiale
Rafael Muñoz Salinas
Maksim Shabunin
Ebrahim Namdari
Giles Payne
Pratham Kumar
manfred