imgproc: fix INTER_NEAREST_EXACT to match Pillow (5.x retarget of #28661) #28873
## Summary
Fixes `INTER_NEAREST_EXACT` producing different results from Pillow for images with dimensions that are multiples of 64 (e.g., 128, 192).
Retargets #28661 to 5.x per core team request.
## Root cause
The old 16-bit fixed-point arithmetic (`ifx`, `ifx0`, `>> 16`) rounds differently from Pillow's pixel-center coordinate mapping. At exact pixel boundaries (e.g., y=7 with 128 to 160: `0.4 + 7*0.8 = 5.999999999999999`), Pillow's truncation drops to 5 while the old opencv formula rounds to 6.
## Changes
- `resize.cpp`: Replace `ifx/ifx0/ify/ify0` 16-bit fixed-point with an int64 arithmetic formula equivalent to `floor((i + 0.5) * src / dst)`, computed as `((int64_t)(i * 2 + 1) * src) / (dst * 2)`. This matches Pillow's pixel-center mapping exactly, is deterministic across platforms, and avoids FP rounding divergence entirely.
- `test_resize_bitexact.cpp`: Add `NearestExact_PillowCompat` covering 4 dimension pairs including the reproducer from #28429.
## Testing
- All 3 `Resize_Bitexact` tests pass (Linear8U, Nearest8U, NearestExact_PillowCompat) on this branch built against 5.x
- Verified bit-exact match to PIL output (Python 3.14, Pillow) on 49 dimension combinations including random pairs
- Built on macOS ARM64 with HAL (carotene/KleidiCV) active
Fixes#28429
Fix even input dimensions for INTER_NEAREST_EXACT #23634
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
resolves https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/22204
related: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/9096#issuecomment-1551306017
/cc @Yosshi999
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
Bit-exact Nearest Neighbor Resizing
* bit exact resizeNN
* change the value of method enum
* add bitexact-nn to ResizeExactTest
* test to compare with non-exact version
* add perf for bit-exact resizenn
* use cvFloor-equivalent
* 1/3 scaling is not stable for floating calculation
* stricter test
* bugfix: broken data in case of 6 or 12bytes elements
* bugfix: broken data in default pix_size
* stricter threshold
* use raw() for floor
* use double instead of int
* follow code reviews
* fewer cases in perf test
* center pixel convention
- removed tr1 usage (dropped in C++17)
- moved includes of vector/map/iostream/limits into ts.hpp
- require opencv_test + anonymous namespace (added compile check)
- fixed norm() usage (must be from cvtest::norm for checks) and other conflict functions
- added missing license headers
Matt Van Horn
Dmitry Kurtaev
Yosshi999
Alexander Alekhin
Alexander Alekhin
Vitaly Tuzov
Vitaly Tuzov