Update tutorials #26441
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Fix issues in RISC-V Vector (RVV) Universal Intrinsic #27006
This PR aims to make `opencv_test_core` pass on RVV, via following two parts:
1. Fix bug in Universal Intrinsic when VLEN >= 512:
- `max_nlanes` should be multiplied by 2, because we use LMUL=2 in RVV Universal Intrinsic since #26318.
- Related tests are also expanded to match longer registers
- Relax the precision threshold of `v_erf` to make the tests pass
2. Temporary fix #26936
- Disable 3 Universal Intrinsic code blocks on GCC
- This is just a temporary fix until we figure out if it's our issue or GCC/something else's
This patch is tested under the following conditions:
- Compier: GCC 14.2, Clang 19.1.7
- Device: Muse-Pi (VLEN=256), QEMU (VLEN=512, 1024)
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Remove MSVS 2013 related #26651
OpenCV 5.x requires MSVC >= 2017 15.7 and MSVS 2013 is EOF currently.
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Clean up sse_utils.hpp #26676
Remove unused functions in sse_utils.hpp. If they are still needed, I believe universal intrinsics should be more appropriate.
Related: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/25002
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More convenient GpuMatND constructor #26472Closes#26471
For convenience, GpuMatND can now accept a step.size() equal to size.size(), as long as the last step is equal to elemSize()
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Support C++20 standard #26590
Close https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/26589
Related https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/pull/3842
Related: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/20269
- do not arithmetic enums and ( different enums or floating numeric)
- remove unused variable
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imgproc: optimized nearest neighbour interpolation for warpAffine, warpPerspective and remap #26505
PR Description has a limit of 65536 characters. So performance stats are attached below.
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Emscripten build fixes#26537
- Corrects typo in Emscripten-only intrinsics header (Fixes https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/26536)
- Updates deprecated intrinsic title (as per LLVM final intrinsic name).
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int64 data type support for FileStorage. 1d and empty Mat with exact dimensions #26434
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Port of https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/26399 to 4.x branch
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int64 data type in FileStorage #26399
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resolves#23333
Proposed approach is not perfect in terms of complexity and potential bugs. Instead of changing `INT` raw size from `4` to `8`, we check int64 value can be fitted to int32 or not.
Collections such as cv::Mat rely on data type symbol.
This PR is addressed to 5.x branch first to cover `CV_64S` Mat. Later, it can be backported to 4.x
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doc: fix doxygen errors at Algorithm and QRCodeEncoder #26373
Close https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/26372
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Fix hfloat conflicts of v_func in merging 4.x to 5.x #26369
This PR solves the conflicts in merging 4.x to 5.x https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/26358
1. Explicitly convert the inputs number for `v_setall_` to hfloat number
2. Loosens the threshold for `v_sincos` test. (related issue: https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/26362)
3. Remove the new but temp api `template <> inline v_float16x8 v_setall_(float v) { return v_setall_f16((hfloat)v); }`
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Use LMUL=2 in the RISC-V Vector (RVV) backend of Universal Intrinsic. #26318
The modification of this patch involves the RVV backend of Universal Intrinsic, replacing `LMUL=1` with `LMUL=2`.
Now each Universal Intrinsic type actually corresponds to two RVV vector registers, and each Intrinsic function also operates two vector registers. Considering that algorithms written using Universal Intrinsic usually do not use the maximum number of registers, this can help the RVV backend utilize more register resources without modifying the algorithm implementation
This patch is generally beneficial in performance.
We compiled OpenCV with `Clang-19.1.1` and `GCC-14.2.0` , ran it on `CanMV-k230` and `Banana-Pi F3`. Then we have four scenarios on combinations of compilers and devices. In `opencv_perf_core`, there are 3363 cases, of which:
- 901 (26.8%) cases achieved more than `5%` performance improvement in all four scenarios, and the average speedup of these test cases (compared to scalar) increased from `3.35x` to `4.35x`
- 75 (2.2%) cases had more than `5%` performance loss in all four scenarios, indicating that these cases are better with `LMUL=1` instead of `LMUL=2`. This involves `Mat_Transform`, `hasNonZero`, `KMeans`, `meanStdDev`, `merge` and `norm2`. Among them, `Mat_Transform` only has performance degradation in a few cases (`8UC3`), and the actual execution time of `hasNonZero` is so short that it can be ignored. For `KMeans`, `meanStdDev`, `merge` and `norm2`, we should be able to use the HAL to optimize/restore their performance. (In fact, we have already done this for `merge` #26216 )
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Finally dropped convertFp16 function in favor of cv::Mat::convertTo() #26327
Partially address https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24909
Related PR to contrib: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/pull/3812
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2x more accurate float => bfloat conversion #26321
There is a magic trick to make float => bfloat conversion more accurate (_original reference needed, is it done this way in PyTorch?_). In simplified form it looks like:
```
uint16_t f2bf(float x) {
union {
unsigned u;
float f;
} u;
u.f = x;
// return (uint16_t)(u.u >> 16); <== the old method before this patch
return (uint16_t)((u.u + 0x8000) >> 16);
}
```
it works correctly for almost all valid floating-point values, positive, zero or negative, and even for some extreme cases, like `+/-inf`, `nan` etc. The addition of `0x8000` to integer representation of 32-bit float before retrieving the highest 16 bits reduces the rounding error by ~2x.
The slight problem with this improved method is that the numbers very close to or equal to `+/-FLT_MAX` are mistakenly converted to `+/-inf`, respectively.
This patch implements improved algorithm for `float => bfloat` conversion in scalar and vector form; it fixes the above-mentioned problem using some extra bit magic, i.e. 0x8000 is not added to very big (by absolute value) numbers:
```
// the actual implementation is more efficient,
// without conditions or floating-point operations, see the source code
return (uint16_t)(u.u + (fabsf(x) <= big_threshold ? 0x8000 : 0)) >> 16);
```
The corresponding test has been added as well and this is output from the test:
```
[----------] 1 test from Core_BFloat
[ RUN ] Core_BFloat.convert
maxerr0 = 0.00774842, mean0 = 0.00190643, stddev0 = 0.00186063
maxerr1 = 0.00389057, mean1 = 0.000952614, stddev1 = 0.000931268
[ OK ] Core_BFloat.convert (7 ms)
```
Here `maxerr0, mean0, stddev0` are for the original method and `maxerr1, mean1, stddev1` are for the new method. As you can see, there is a significant improvement in accuracy.
**Note:**
_Actually, on ~32,000,000 random FP32 numbers with uniformly distributed sign, exponent and mantissa the new method is always at least as accurate as the old one._
The test also checks all the corner cases, where we see no degradation either vs the original method.
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New dnn engine #26056
This is the 1st PR with the new engine; CI is green and PR is ready to be merged, I think.
Merge together with https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/pull/3794
---
**Known limitations:**
* [solved] OpenVINO is temporarily disabled, but is probably easy to restore (it's not a deal breaker to merge this PR, I guess)
* The new engine does not support any backends nor any targets except for the default CPU implementation. But it's possible to choose the old engine when loading a model, then all the functionality is available.
* [Caffe patch is here: #26208] The new engine only supports ONNX. When a model is constructed manually or is loaded from a file of different format (.tf, .tflite, .caffe, .darknet), the old engine is used.
* Even in the case of ONNX some layers are not supported by the new engine, such as all quantized layers (including DequantizeLinear, QuantizeLinear, QLinearConv etc.), LSTM, GRU, .... It's planned, of course, to have full support for ONNX by OpenCV 5.0 gold release. When a loaded model contains unsupported layers, we switch to the old engine automatically (at ONNX parsing time, not at `forward()` time).
* Some layers , e.g. Expat, are only partially supported by the new engine. In the case of unsupported flavours it switches to the old engine automatically (at ONNX parsing time, not at `forward()` time).
* 'Concat' graph optimization is disabled. The optimization eliminates Concat layer and instead makes the layers that generate tensors to be concatenated to write the outputs to the final destination. Of course, it's only possible when `axis=0` or `axis=N=1`. The optimization is not compatible with dynamic shapes since we need to know in advance where to store the tensors. Because some of the layer implementations have been modified to become more compatible with the new engine, the feature appears to be broken even when the old engine is used.
* Some `dnn::Net` API is not available with the new engine. Also, shape inference may return false if some of the output or intermediate tensors' shapes cannot be inferred without running the model. Probably this can be fixed by a dummy run of the model with zero inputs.
* Some overloads of `dnn::Net::getFLOPs()` and `dnn::Net::getMemoryConsumption()` are not exposed any longer in wrapper generators; but the most useful overloads are exposed (and checked by Java tests).
* [in progress] A few Einsum tests related to empty shapes have been disabled due to crashes in the tests and in Einsum implementations. The code and the tests need to be repaired.
* OpenCL implementation of Deconvolution is disabled. It's very bad and very slow anyway; need to be completely revised.
* Deconvolution3D test is now skipped, because it was only supported by CUDA and OpenVINO backends, both of which are not supported by the new engine.
* Some tests, such as FastNeuralStyle, checked that the in the case of CUDA backend there is no fallback to CPU. Currently all layers in the new engine are processed on CPU, so there are many fallbacks. The checks, therefore, have been temporarily disabled.
---
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Liutong HAN
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