[video] Add setCoarsestScale to DISOpticalFlow (Fixes#25068) #28217
### Description
This PR addresses issue #25068 regarding the number of scales in `DISOpticalFlow`.
Currently, `DISOpticalFlow` automatically computes the `coarsest_scale` based on the image size. While generally effective, this behavior can cause errors in specific use cases (e.g., mechanics/speckle pattern analysis) where high pyramid levels degrade quality.
This change introduces a manual override:
- Added `setCoarsestScale(int val)` and `getCoarsestScale()` to the public API.
- Updated `DISOpticalFlowImpl::calc` and `ocl_calc` to use the user-defined scale if set.
- Preserved the existing "automatic" behavior as the default (when set to -1).
### Changes
- **`modules/video/include/opencv2/video/tracking.hpp`**: Added virtual method declarations.
- **`modules/video/src/dis_flow.cpp`**: Implemented `set/getCoarsestScale` in `DISOpticalFlowImpl` and updated calculation logic.
- **`modules/video/test/test_OF_accuracy.cpp`**: Added `DenseOpticalFlow_DIS.ManualCoarsestScale` regression test.
Fixes#25068
Add optional template mask for findTransformECC #27952
Supersedes #22997
**Summary**
Add optional template mask support to findTransformECC so that only pixels valid in both the template and the image are used in ECC. Backward compatibility is preserved (existing signatures unchanged; one new overload adds templateMask).
**Motivation**
- Real-world frames often contain moving foreground artifacts (e.g., a football over a static field). Masking the object in one frame only is insufficient because its position changes independently of the background. Since we don’t know the warp a priori, we can’t back-project a single mask across frames. The correct approach is to supply both masks and take their intersection.
- Templates may include uninformative/low-texture or noisy regions, or partial overlaps with other objects. Excluding such regions from the alignment improves robustness and convergence.
This PR completes and replaces https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/22997
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [ ] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [ ] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [ ] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [ ] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
2025-10-14T05:53:31.5387050Z C:\GHA-OCV-1\_work\ci-gha-workflow\ci-gha-workflow\opencv\modules\imgcodecs\src\bitstrm.cpp(156,57): warning C4244: 'argument': conversion from 'int64_t' to 'ptrdiff_t', possible loss of data [C:\GHA-OCV-1\_work\ci-gha-workflow\ci-gha-workflow\build\modules\imgcodecs\opencv_imgcodecs.vcxproj]
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
Optional Known Foreground Mask for Background Subtractors #27810
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
### Description
This adds an optional foreground input mask parameter to the MOG2 and KNN background subtractors, in line with issue https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/26476
4 tests are added under test_bgfg2.cpp:
2 for each subtractor type (1 with shadow detection and 1 without)
A demo shows the feature with only 3 parameters and with a 4th optional foreground mask for both core subtractor types.
Note: To patch contrib inheritance of the background subtraction class, empty apply method which throws a not implemented error is added to contrib subclasses. This is done to keep the overloaded apply function as pure virtual. Contrib PR to be made and linked shortly.
Contrib Repo Paired Pull Request: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/pull/4017
video: fix vittrack in the case where crop size grows until out-of-memory when the input is black #25771
Fixes https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/25760
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
libjpeg upgrade to version 9f #25092
Upgrade libjpeg dependency from version 9d to 9f.
- [X] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [X] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [X] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [ ] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [ ] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [ ] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
VIT track(gsoc realtime object tracking model) #24201
Vit tracker(vision transformer tracker) is a much better model for real-time object tracking. Vit tracker can achieve speeds exceeding nanotrack by 20% in single-threaded mode with ARM chip, and the advantage becomes even more pronounced in multi-threaded mode. In addition, on the dataset, vit tracker demonstrates better performance compared to nanotrack. Moreover, vit trackerprovides confidence values during the tracking process, which can be used to determine if the tracking is currently lost.
opencv_zoo: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_zoo/pull/194
opencv_extra: [https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1088](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1088)
# Performance comparison is as follows:
NOTE: The speed below is tested by **onnxruntime** because opencv has poor support for the transformer architecture for now.
ONNX speed test on ARM platform(apple M2)(ms):
| thread nums | 1| 2| 3| 4|
|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| nanotrack| 5.25| 4.86| 4.72| 4.49|
| vit tracker| 4.18| 2.41| 1.97| **1.46 (3X)**|
ONNX speed test on x86 platform(intel i3 10105)(ms):
| thread nums | 1| 2| 3| 4|
|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| nanotrack|3.20|2.75|2.46|2.55|
| vit tracker|3.84|2.37|2.10|2.01|
opencv speed test on x86 platform(intel i3 10105)(ms):
| thread nums | 1| 2| 3| 4|
|--------|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| vit tracker|31.3|31.4|31.4|31.4|
preformance test on lasot dataset(AUC is the most important data. Higher AUC means better tracker):
|LASOT | AUC| P| Pnorm|
|--------|--------|--------|--------|
| nanotrack| 46.8| 45.0| 43.3|
| vit tracker| 48.6| 44.8| 54.7|
[https://youtu.be/MJiPnu1ZQRI](https://youtu.be/MJiPnu1ZQRI)
In target tracking tasks, the score is an important indicator that can indicate whether the current target is lost. In the video, vit tracker can track the target and display the current score in the upper left corner of the video. When the target is lost, the score drops significantly. While nanotrack will only return 0.9 score in any situation, so that we cannot determine whether the target is lost.
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [ ] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [ ] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
[teset data in opencv_extra](https://github.com/opencv/opencv_extra/pull/1016)
NanoTrack is an extremely lightweight and fast object-tracking model.
The total size is **1.1 MB**.
And the FPS on M1 chip is **150**, on Raspberry Pi 4 is about **30**. (Float32 CPU only)
With this model, many users can run object tracking on the edge device.
The author of NanoTrack is @HonglinChu.
The original repo is https://github.com/HonglinChu/NanoTrack.
### Pull Request Readiness Checklist
See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request
- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [ ] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [ ] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [ ] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake
Replaced sprintf with safer snprintf
* Straightforward replacement of sprintf with safer snprintf
* Trickier replacement of sprintf with safer snprintf
Some functions were changed to take another parameter: the size of the buffer, so that they can pass that size on to snprintf.
Fix unsigned int bug in computeECC
* address issue with unsigned ints in computeEcc
* remove additional logic checking firstOctave
* use swap instead of same src/dst
* simplify the unsigned check logic
New computeECC function, and updated findTransformECC function to make gaussian filtering optional (#13837)
* fix for https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/12432 with doc and tests
* Added doc string for new parameter.
* Fixes suggested by Alalek for getting around ABI incompatibility.
* Update to docstring, to remove parameter that isn't relevant.
* More updates based on Alalek's usggestions.
* moved DIS optical flow from opencv_contrib to opencv, moved TVL1 from opencv to opencv_contrib
* fixed compile warning
* TVL1 optical flow example moved to opencv_contrib
* removed C API in the following modules: photo, video, imgcodecs, videoio
* trying to fix various compile errors and warnings on Windows and Linux
* continue to fix compile errors and warnings
* continue to fix compile errors, warnings, as well as the test failures
* trying to resolve compile warnings on Android
* Update cap_dc1394_v2.cpp
fix warning from the new GCC
* integrated the new C++ persistence; removed old persistence; most of OpenCV compiles fine! the tests have not been run yet
* fixed multiple bugs in the new C++ persistence
* fixed raw size of the parsed empty sequences
* [temporarily] excluded obsolete applications traincascade and createsamples from build
* fixed several compiler warnings and multiple test failures
* undo changes in cocoa window rendering (that was fixed in another PR)
* fixed more compile warnings and the remaining test failures (hopefully)
* trying to fix the last little warning
* Add HPX backend for OpenCV implementation
Adds hpx backend for cv::parallel_for_() calls respecting the nstripes chunking parameter. C++ code for the backend is added to modules/core/parallel.cpp. Also, the necessary changes to cmake files are introduced.
Backend can operate in 2 versions (selectable by cmake build option WITH_HPX_STARTSTOP): hpx (runtime always on) and hpx_startstop (start and stop the backend for each cv::parallel_for_() call)
* WIP: Conditionally include hpx_main.hpp to tests in core module
Header hpx_main.hpp is included to both core/perf/perf_main.cpp and core/test/test_main.cpp.
The changes to cmake files for linking hpx library to above mentioned test executalbles are proposed but have issues.
* Add coditional iclusion of hpx_main.hpp to cpp cpu modules
* Remove start/stop version of hpx backend
* video: remove duplicate RANSAC code
* remove RANSAC code video module. The module now uses RANSAC estimators from calib3d.
* deprecate estimateRigidTransform
* replace internal usage of deprecated estimateRigidTransform
* remove from wrappers
* replace usage in shape module. shape module now links to calib3d instead of video module.
* reprecate also C API version
* remove cvEstimateRigidTransform
* supress deprecated warnings in estimateRigidTransform test
* the function is now deprecated
* loosen some test threshold mainly for integer types
* use relative error for floating points result
* avoid division by zero by following the comment
* fix the indentation
- removed tr1 usage (dropped in C++17)
- moved includes of vector/map/iostream/limits into ts.hpp
- require opencv_test + anonymous namespace (added compile check)
- fixed norm() usage (must be from cvtest::norm for checks) and other conflict functions
- added missing license headers
general:
- all iterative tests have been replaced with parameterized tests
- old-style try..catch tests have been modified to use EXPECT_/ASSERT_ gtest macros
- added temporary files cleanup
- modified MatComparator error message formatting
imgcodecs:
- test_grfmt.cpp split to test_jpg.cpp, test_png.cpp, test_tiff.cpp, etc.
videoio:
- added public HAVE_VIDEO_INPUT, HAVE_VIDEO_OUTPUT definitions to cvconfig.h
- built-in MotionJPEG codec could not be tested on some platforms (read_write test was disabled if ffmpeg is off, encoding/decoding was handled by ffmpeg otherwise).
- image-related tests moved to imgcodecs (Videoio_Image)
- several property get/set tests have been combined into one
- added MotionJPEG test video to opencv_extra
satyam yadav
Dmytro Dadyka
Alexander Smorkalov
Dave Merchant
Maksim Shabunin
Yuantao Feng
Michael Klatis
Alexander Alekhin
Sean McBride
Alexander Smorkalov
lpylpy0514
Alexander Alekhin
zihaomu
Kumataro
Anna Prigarina
Danny
Thang Tran
AKAMath
Vadim Pisarevsky
Jakub Golinowski
Jiri Horner
Tomoaki Teshima
Vitaly Tuzov
LukeZhu
Tomoaki Teshima
Alexander Alekhin