Merge pull request #24834 from fengyuentau:cuda_naryeltwise_broadcast

dnn (cuda): support broadcasting if a.rank() != b.rank() #24834

Inspired by https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/24786. This PR keeps the fusion of `NaryEltwise` and `Concat` while addressed the data missing problem via supporting broadcasting if a.rank() != b.rank().

Resolves https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23977
Resolves https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24606
Resolves https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24635
Resolves https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24721 

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

modules/dnn/test/test_layers.cpp

@@ -2050,7 +2050,7 @@ private:
         net.setPreferableTarget(target);
 
         Mat re;
-        ASSERT_NO_THROW(re = net.forward()); // runtime error
+        re = net.forward();
         auto ptr_re = (float *) re.data;
         for (int i = 0; i < re.total(); i++)
             if (op == "sum"){