Merge pull request #24578 from Kumataro:fix_verify_unsupported_new_mat_depth

Fix verify unsupported new mat depth for nonzero/minmax/lut #24578

`cv::LUI()`, `cv::minMaxLoc()`, `cv::minMaxIdx()`, `cv::countNonZero()`, `cv::findNonZero()` and `cv::hasNonZero()` uses depth-based function table. However, it is too short for `CV_16BF`, `CV_Bool`, `CV_64U`, `CV_64S` and `CV_32U` and it may occur out-boundary-access. This patch fix it. And If necessary, when someone extends these functions to support, please relax this test.

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

modules/core/src/check.cpp

@@ -45,15 +45,16 @@ static const char* getTestOpMath(unsigned testOp)
 
 const char* depthToString_(int depth)
 {
-    static const char* depthNames[] = { "CV_8U", "CV_8S", "CV_16U", "CV_16S", "CV_32S", "CV_32F", "CV_64F", "CV_16F" };
-    return (depth <= CV_16F && depth >= 0) ? depthNames[depth] : NULL;
+    static const char* depthNames[] = { "CV_8U", "CV_8S", "CV_16U", "CV_16S", "CV_32S", "CV_32F", "CV_64F", "CV_16F",
+                                        "CV_16BF", "CV_Bool", "CV_64U", "CV_64S", "CV_32U" };
+    return (depth < CV_DEPTH_CURR_MAX && depth >= 0) ? depthNames[depth] : NULL;
 }
 
 cv::String typeToString_(int type)
 {
     int depth = CV_MAT_DEPTH(type);
     int cn = CV_MAT_CN(type);
-    if (depth >= 0 && depth <= CV_16F)
+    if (depth >= 0 && depth < CV_DEPTH_CURR_MAX)
         return cv::format("%sC%d", depthToString_(depth), cn);
     return cv::String();
 }

modules/core/src/count_non_zero.dispatch.cpp

@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ void findNonZero(InputArray _src, OutputArray _idx)
     AutoBuffer<int> buf_(cols + 1);
     int* buf = buf_.data();
 
+    CV_Assert( depth < CV_16F );
+
     for( int i = 0; i < rows; i++ )
     {
         int j, k = 0;

modules/core/src/count_non_zero.simd.hpp

@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ static int countNonZero64f( const double* src, int len )
 
 CountNonZeroFunc getCountNonZeroTab(int depth)
 {
-    static CountNonZeroFunc countNonZeroTab[] =
+    static CountNonZeroFunc countNonZeroTab[CV_DEPTH_MAX] =
     {
         (CountNonZeroFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(countNonZero8u), (CountNonZeroFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(countNonZero8u),
         (CountNonZeroFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(countNonZero16u), (CountNonZeroFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(countNonZero16u),

modules/core/src/has_non_zero.simd.hpp

@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ static bool hasNonZero64f( const double* src, size_t len )
 
 HasNonZeroFunc getHasNonZeroTab(int depth)
 {
-    static HasNonZeroFunc hasNonZeroTab[] =
+    static HasNonZeroFunc hasNonZeroTab[CV_DEPTH_MAX] =
     {
         (HasNonZeroFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(hasNonZero8u), (HasNonZeroFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(hasNonZero8u),
         (HasNonZeroFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(hasNonZero16u), (HasNonZeroFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(hasNonZero16u),

modules/core/src/lut.cpp

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static void LUT8u_64f( const uchar* src, const double* lut, double* dst, int len
 
 typedef void (*LUTFunc)( const uchar* src, const uchar* lut, uchar* dst, int len, int cn, int lutcn );
 
-static LUTFunc lutTab[] =
+static LUTFunc lutTab[CV_DEPTH_MAX] =
 {
     (LUTFunc)LUT8u_8u, (LUTFunc)LUT8u_8s, (LUTFunc)LUT8u_16u, (LUTFunc)LUT8u_16s,
     (LUTFunc)LUT8u_32s, (LUTFunc)LUT8u_32f, (LUTFunc)LUT8u_64f, 0

modules/core/src/minmax.cpp

@@ -834,7 +834,7 @@ typedef void (*MinMaxIdxFunc)(const uchar*, const uchar*, int*, int*, size_t*, s
 
 static MinMaxIdxFunc getMinmaxTab(int depth)
 {
-    static MinMaxIdxFunc minmaxTab[] =
+    static MinMaxIdxFunc minmaxTab[CV_DEPTH_MAX] =
     {
         (MinMaxIdxFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(minMaxIdx_8u), (MinMaxIdxFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(minMaxIdx_8s),
         (MinMaxIdxFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(minMaxIdx_16u), (MinMaxIdxFunc)GET_OPTIMIZED(minMaxIdx_16s),