Merge pull request #24578 from Kumataro:fix_verify_unsupported_new_mat_depth

Fix verify unsupported new mat depth for nonzero/minmax/lut #24578

`cv::LUI()`, `cv::minMaxLoc()`, `cv::minMaxIdx()`, `cv::countNonZero()`, `cv::findNonZero()` and `cv::hasNonZero()` uses depth-based function table. However, it is too short for `CV_16BF`, `CV_Bool`, `CV_64U`, `CV_64S` and `CV_32U` and it may occur out-boundary-access. This patch fix it. And If necessary, when someone extends these functions to support, please relax this test.

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

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- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

modules/core/include/opencv2/core.hpp

@@ -566,6 +566,7 @@ are taken from the input array. That is, the function processes each element of
 \f[\texttt{dst} (I)  \leftarrow \texttt{lut(src(I) + d)}\f]
 where
 \f[d =  \fork{0}{if \(\texttt{src}\) has depth \(\texttt{CV_8U}\)}{128}{if \(\texttt{src}\) has depth \(\texttt{CV_8S}\)}\f]
+@note CV_16F/CV_16BF/CV_Bool/CV_64U/CV_64S/CV_32U are not supported for lut.
 @param src input array of 8-bit elements.
 @param lut look-up table of 256 elements; in case of multi-channel input array, the table should
 either have a single channel (in this case the same table is used for all channels) or the same
@@ -587,6 +588,7 @@ CV_EXPORTS_AS(sumElems) Scalar sum(InputArray src);
 /** @brief Checks for the presence of at least one non-zero array element.
 
 The function returns whether there are non-zero elements in src
+@note CV_16F/CV_16BF/CV_Bool/CV_64U/CV_64S/CV_32U are not supported for src.
 @param src single-channel array.
 @sa  mean, meanStdDev, norm, minMaxLoc, calcCovarMatrix
 */
@@ -596,6 +598,7 @@ CV_EXPORTS_W bool hasNonZero( InputArray src );
 
 The function returns the number of non-zero elements in src :
 \f[\sum _{I: \; \texttt{src} (I) \ne0 } 1\f]
+@note CV_16F/CV_16BF/CV_Bool/CV_64U/CV_64S/CV_32U are not supported for src.
 @param src single-channel array.
 @sa  mean, meanStdDev, norm, minMaxLoc, calcCovarMatrix
 */
@@ -624,6 +627,7 @@ or
     // access pixel coordinates
     Point pnt = locations[i];
 @endcode
+@note CV_16F/CV_16BF/CV_Bool/CV_64U/CV_64S/CV_32U are not supported for src.
 @param src single-channel array
 @param idx the output array, type of cv::Mat or std::vector<Point>, corresponding to non-zero indices in the input
 */
@@ -834,6 +838,7 @@ The function do not work with multi-channel arrays. If you need to find minimum
 elements across all the channels, use Mat::reshape first to reinterpret the array as
 single-channel. Or you may extract the particular channel using either extractImageCOI , or
 mixChannels , or split .
+@note CV_16F/CV_16BF/CV_Bool/CV_64U/CV_64S/CV_32U are not supported for src.
 @param src input single-channel array.
 @param minVal pointer to the returned minimum value; NULL is used if not required.
 @param maxVal pointer to the returned maximum value; NULL is used if not required.
@@ -894,6 +899,7 @@ a single-row or single-column matrix. In OpenCV (following MATLAB) each array ha
 dimensions, i.e. single-column matrix is Mx1 matrix (and therefore minIdx/maxIdx will be
 (i1,0)/(i2,0)) and single-row matrix is 1xN matrix (and therefore minIdx/maxIdx will be
 (0,j1)/(0,j2)).
+@note CV_16F/CV_16BF/CV_Bool/CV_64U/CV_64S/CV_32U are not supported for src.
 @param src input single-channel array.
 @param minVal pointer to the returned minimum value; NULL is used if not required.
 @param maxVal pointer to the returned maximum value; NULL is used if not required.