Merge pull request #29101 from asmorkalov:as/geometry_module

Moved geometry transformations from imgproc to 3d, future geometry module #29101

The first step of 2d geometry operations migration to the future geometry module.
I created 2d.hpp to isolate the moved functions for now. I propose to create geometry.hpp when the module is renamed and include all things there.

OpenCV contrib: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/pull/4126

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [ ] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [ ] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [ ] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [ ] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ShapeDescriptors/generalContours_demo1.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
+#include "opencv2/3d.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
 #include <iostream>
 

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ShapeDescriptors/generalContours_demo2.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
+#include "opencv2/3d.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
 #include <iostream>
 

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ShapeDescriptors/hull_demo.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 
 #include "opencv2/imgcodecs.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
+#include "opencv2/3d.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
 #include <iostream>
 

samples/cpp/tutorial_code/ShapeDescriptors/pointPolygonTest_demo.cpp

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
  */
 
 #include "opencv2/highgui.hpp"
+#include "opencv2/3d.hpp"
 #include "opencv2/imgproc.hpp"
 #include <iostream>