Fix SHORT data type support in Algorithm

* typo in Algorithm::addParam for 'short' data type which results in segmentation fault on ARM
  on attempt to set type property for FAST using setter inherited from Algorithm
* added short type support to read/write methods
* improved some error messages

modules/features2d/perf/perf_fast.cpp

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ PERF_TEST_P(fast, detect, testing::Combine(
     declare.in(frame);
 
     Ptr<FeatureDetector> fd = Algorithm::create<FeatureDetector>("Feature2D.FASTX");
+    ASSERT_FALSE( fd == 0 );
     fd->set("threshold", 20);
     fd->set("nonmaxSuppression", true);
     fd->set("type", type);