Merge pull request #24372 from Kumataro:fix24369

Supporting protobuf v22 and later(with abseil-cpp/C++17) #24372

fix https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24369
related https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23791

1. This patch supports external protobuf v22 and later, it required abseil-cpp and c++17.
    Even if the built-in protobuf is upgraded to v22 or later, 
    the dependency on abseil-cpp and the requirement for C++17 will continue.
2. Some test for caffe required patched protobuf, so this patch disable them.

This patch is tested by following libraries.
-  Protobuf:                    /usr/local/lib/libprotobuf.so (4.24.4)
-  abseil-cpp:                YES (20230125)

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

cmake/OpenCVFindProtobuf.cmake

@@ -30,8 +30,14 @@ if(BUILD_PROTOBUF)
   set(Protobuf_LIBRARIES "libprotobuf")
   set(HAVE_PROTOBUF TRUE)
 else()
+  # we still need this for command PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP.
+  set(protobuf_MODULE_COMPATIBLE ON)
+
   unset(Protobuf_VERSION CACHE)
-  find_package(Protobuf QUIET)
+  find_package(Protobuf QUIET CONFIG)
+  if(NOT Protobuf_FOUND)
+    find_package(Protobuf QUIET)
+  endif()
 
   # Backwards compatibility
   # Define camel case versions of input variables
@@ -67,6 +73,20 @@ else()
   endif()
 endif()
 
+# See https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/24369
+# In Protocol Buffers v22.0 and later drops C++11 support and depends abseil-cpp.
+#   Details: https://protobuf.dev/news/2022-08-03/
+# And if std::text_view is in abseil-cpp requests C++17 and later.
+
+if(HAVE_PROTOBUF)
+  if(NOT (Protobuf_VERSION VERSION_LESS 22))
+    if((CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD EQUAL 98) OR (CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD LESS 17))
+      message(STATUS "CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD=${CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD} is too old to support protobuf(${Protobuf_VERSION}) and/or abseil-cpp. Use C++17 or later. Turning HAVE_PROTOBUF off")
+      set(HAVE_PROTOBUF FALSE)
+    endif()
+  endif()
+endif()
+
 if(HAVE_PROTOBUF AND PROTOBUF_UPDATE_FILES AND NOT COMMAND PROTOBUF_GENERATE_CPP)
   message(FATAL_ERROR "Can't configure protobuf dependency (BUILD_PROTOBUF=${BUILD_PROTOBUF} PROTOBUF_UPDATE_FILES=${PROTOBUF_UPDATE_FILES})")
 endif()
@@ -74,15 +94,20 @@ endif()
 if(HAVE_PROTOBUF)
   list(APPEND CUSTOM_STATUS protobuf)
   if(NOT BUILD_PROTOBUF)
+    unset( __location)
     if(TARGET "${Protobuf_LIBRARIES}")
       get_target_property(__location "${Protobuf_LIBRARIES}" IMPORTED_LOCATION_RELEASE)
       if(NOT __location)
         get_target_property(__location "${Protobuf_LIBRARIES}" IMPORTED_LOCATION)
       endif()
-    elseif(Protobuf_LIBRARY)
-      set(__location "${Protobuf_LIBRARY}")
-    else()
-      set(__location "${Protobuf_LIBRARIES}")
+    endif()
+
+    if(NOT __location)
+      if(Protobuf_LIBRARY)
+        set(__location "${Protobuf_LIBRARY}")
+      else()
+        set(__location "${Protobuf_LIBRARIES}")
+      endif()
     endif()
   endif()
   list(APPEND CUSTOM_STATUS_protobuf "    Protobuf:"