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mirror of https://github.com/opencv/opencv.git synced 2026-07-31 08:13:04 +04:00

added pictures for OpenCV 2.x reference manual; fixed some build problems and done some more cleanup work

This commit is contained in:
Vadim Pisarevsky
2011-03-05 21:26:13 +00:00
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commit 5c3447c125
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Boosting
========
.. highlight:: cpp
A common machine learning task is supervised learning. In supervised learning, the goal is to learn the functional relationship
:math:`F: y = F(x)` between the input
:math:`x` and the output
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Decision Trees
==============
.. highlight:: cpp
The ML classes discussed in this section implement Classification And Regression Tree algorithms, which are described in `[Breiman84] <#paper_Breiman84>`_
.
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Expectation-Maximization
========================
.. highlight:: cpp
The EM (Expectation-Maximization) algorithm estimates the parameters of the multivariate probability density function in the form of a Gaussian mixture distribution with a specified number of mixtures.
Consider the set of the feature vectors
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K Nearest Neighbors
===================
.. highlight:: cpp
The algorithm caches all of the training samples, and predicts the response for a new sample by analyzing a certain number (
**K**
) of the nearest neighbors of the sample (using voting, calculating weighted sum etc.) The method is sometimes referred to as "learning by example", because for prediction it looks for the feature vector with a known response that is closest to the given vector.
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Neural Networks
===============
.. highlight:: cpp
ML implements feed-forward artificial neural networks, more particularly, multi-layer perceptrons (MLP), the most commonly used type of neural networks. MLP consists of the input layer, output layer and one or more hidden layers. Each layer of MLP includes one or more neurons that are directionally linked with the neurons from the previous and the next layer. Here is an example of a 3-layer perceptron with 3 inputs, 2 outputs and the hidden layer including 5 neurons:
.. image:: ../../pics/mlp_.png
.. image:: pics/mlp.png
All the neurons in MLP are similar. Each of them has several input links (i.e. it takes the output values from several neurons in the previous layer on input) and several output links (i.e. it passes the response to several neurons in the next layer). The values retrieved from the previous layer are summed with certain weights, individual for each neuron, plus the bias term, and the sum is transformed using the activation function
:math:`f` that may be also different for different neurons. Here is the picture:
.. image:: ../../pics/neuron_model.png
.. image:: pics/neuron_model.png
In other words, given the outputs
:math:`x_j` of the layer
@@ -36,7 +34,7 @@ Different activation functions may be used, ML implements 3 standard ones:
:math:`f(x)=\beta*(1-e^{-\alpha x})/(1+e^{-\alpha x}` ), the default choice for MLP; the standard sigmoid with
:math:`\beta =1, \alpha =1` is shown below:
.. image:: ../../pics/sigmoid_bipolar.png
.. image:: pics/sigmoid_bipolar.png
*
Gaussian function ( ``CvANN_MLP::GAUSSIAN`` ):
@@ -9,8 +9,6 @@ This is a simple classification model assuming that feature vectors from each cl
.. index:: CvNormalBayesClassifier
.. _CvNormalBayesClassifier:
CvNormalBayesClassifier
-----------------------
.. c:type:: CvNormalBayesClassifier
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.. index:: CvStatModel
.. _CvStatModel:
CvStatModel
-----------
.. c:type:: CvStatModel