Merge pull request #29175 from asmorkalov:as/geometry2

Geometry module #29175

OpenCV Contrib: https://github.com/opencv/opencv_contrib/pull/4129
CI changes: https://github.com/opencv/ci-gha-workflow/pull/313

Continues
- https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/28804
- https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/29101
- https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/29108
- https://github.com/opencv/opencv/pull/28810

Todo for followup PRs:
- [x] Rename doxygen groups
- [x] Fix JS modules layout and whitelists
- [ ] Sort tutorials code/snippets

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [ ] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [ ] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [ ] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

doc/tutorials/geometry/table_of_content_geometry.markdown

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 
-3d processing and visualisation (3d module) {#tutorial_table_of_content_3d}
+Computational geometry module {#tutorial_table_of_content_geometry}
 ==========================================================
 
 -   @subpage tutorial_point_cloud

doc/tutorials/introduction/config_reference/config_reference.markdown

@@ -156,17 +156,17 @@ cmake \
 
 Each module is a subdirectory of the `modules` directory. It is possible to disable one module:
 ```.sh
-cmake -DBUILD_opencv_3d=OFF ../opencv
+cmake -DBUILD_opencv_geometry=OFF ../opencv
 ```
 
 The opposite option is to build only specified modules and all modules they depend on:
 ```.sh
-cmake -DBUILD_LIST=calib3d,videoio,ts ../opencv
+cmake -DBUILD_LIST=geometry,videoio,ts ../opencv
 ```
 In this example we requested 3 modules and configuration script has determined all dependencies automatically:
 ```
 --   OpenCV modules:
---     To be built:                 calib3d core features flann highgui imgcodecs imgproc ts videoio
+--     To be built:                 core features flann geometry highgui imgcodecs imgproc ts videoio
 ```
 
 

doc/tutorials/introduction/linux_eclipse/linux_eclipse.markdown

@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ Making a project
             since I plan to use the whole bunch:
 
             opencv_core opencv_imgproc opencv_imgcodecs opencv_highgui opencv_videoio opencv_video opencv_features
-            opencv_3d opencv_objdetect opencv_flann
+            opencv_geometry opencv_objdetect opencv_flann
 
             ![](images/a10.png)
 
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ Making a project
             @endcode
             My output (in case you want to check) was:
             @code{.bash}
-            -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_video -lopencv_features -lopencv_3d -lopencv_calib -lopencv_stereo -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_flann
+            -L/usr/local/lib -lopencv_core -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_video -lopencv_features -lopencv_geometry -lopencv_calib -lopencv_stereo -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_videoio -lopencv_imgcodecs -lopencv_flann
             @endcode
             Now you are done. Click **OK**
 

doc/tutorials/tutorials.markdown

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ OpenCV Tutorials {#tutorial_root}
 - @subpage tutorial_table_of_content_dnn - infer neural networks using built-in _dnn_ module
 - @subpage tutorial_table_of_content_other - other modules (stitching, video)
 - @subpage tutorial_table_of_content_ios - running OpenCV on an iDevice
-- @subpage tutorial_table_of_content_3d - 3d objects processing and visualisation
+- @subpage tutorial_table_of_content_geometry - 2d and 3d geometry primitives and point clouds processing
 - @subpage tutorial_table_of_content_photo - photo module functions (hdr_image, ccm)
 @cond CUDA_MODULES
 - @subpage tutorial_table_of_content_gpu - utilizing power of video card to run CV algorithms