Merge pull request #23679 from dkurt:py_cv_type_macro

Python bindings for CV_8UC(n) and other types macros #23679

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

resolves https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/23628#issuecomment-1562468327

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

modules/python/src2/cv2.cpp

@@ -557,6 +557,11 @@ static bool init_body(PyObject * m)
     PUBLISH(CV_64FC2);
     PUBLISH(CV_64FC3);
     PUBLISH(CV_64FC4);
+    PUBLISH(CV_16F);
+    PUBLISH(CV_16FC1);
+    PUBLISH(CV_16FC2);
+    PUBLISH(CV_16FC3);
+    PUBLISH(CV_16FC4);
 #undef PUBLISH_
 #undef PUBLISH