Merge pull request #24260 from vrabaud:ubsan

Fix undefined behavior arithmetic in copyMakeBorder and adjustROI. #24260

This is due to the undefined: negative int multiplied by size_t pointer increment.

To test, compile with:
```
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ../ -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS_INIT="-fsanitize=undefined" -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_INIT="-fsanitize=undefined" -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER="/usr/bin/clang" -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER="/usr/bin/clang++" -DCMAKE_SHARED_LINKER_FLAGS="-fsanitize=undefined -lubsan"
```
And run:
```
make -j opencv_test_core && ./bin/opencv_test_core --gtest_filter=*UndefinedBehavior*
```

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

modules/core/test/test_mat.cpp

@@ -1368,6 +1368,18 @@ TEST(Core_Mat, copyNx1ToVector)
     ASSERT_PRED_FORMAT2(cvtest::MatComparator(0, 0), ref_dst16, cv::Mat_<ushort>(dst16));
 }
 
+TEST(Core_Mat, copyMakeBoderUndefinedBehavior)
+{
+    Mat1b src(4, 4), dst;
+    randu(src, Scalar(10), Scalar(100));
+    // This could trigger a (signed int)*size_t operation which is undefined behavior.
+    cv::copyMakeBorder(src, dst, 1, 1, 1, 1, cv::BORDER_REFLECT_101);
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, cv::norm(src.row(1), dst(Rect(1,0,4,1))));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, cv::norm(src.row(2), dst(Rect(1,5,4,1))));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, cv::norm(src.col(1), dst(Rect(0,1,1,4))));
+    EXPECT_EQ(0, cv::norm(src.col(2), dst(Rect(5,1,1,4))));
+}
+
 TEST(Core_Matx, fromMat_)
 {
     Mat_<double> a = (Mat_<double>(2,2) << 10, 11, 12, 13);