Merge pull request #27927 from tailsu:tailsu/tiff-error-handler

tiff: use a per-TIFF error handler #27927

libtiff 4.5 introduced [per-TIFF error handlers](https://libtiff.gitlab.io/libtiff/functions/TIFFOpenOptions.html). This PR removes the global OpenCV error handlers and uses per-handle error handlers. This reduces any risks associated with modifying global state, e.g. if another library also tries to set the global error handlers and OpenCV clobbers them.

### Pull Request Readiness Checklist

See details at https://github.com/opencv/opencv/wiki/How_to_contribute#making-a-good-pull-request

- [x] I agree to contribute to the project under Apache 2 License.
- [x] To the best of my knowledge, the proposed patch is not based on a code under GPL or another license that is incompatible with OpenCV
- [x] The PR is proposed to the proper branch
- [x] There is a reference to the original bug report and related work
- [x] There is accuracy test, performance test and test data in opencv_extra repository, if applicable
      Patch to opencv_extra has the same branch name.
- [x] The feature is well documented and sample code can be built with the project CMake

modules/imgcodecs/test/test_tiff.cpp

@@ -1282,6 +1282,17 @@ TEST(Imgcodecs_Tiff, read_bigtiff_images)
     }
 }
 
+TEST(Imgcodecs_Tiff, read_junk) {
+    // Test exercises the tiff error handler integration.
+    // Error messages can be seen with OPENCV_LOG_LEVEL=DEBUG
+    const char junk[] = "II\x2a\x00\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00";
+    cv::Mat junkInputArray(1, sizeof(junk) - 1, CV_8UC1, (void*)junk);
+
+    cv::Mat img;
+    ASSERT_NO_THROW(img = cv::imdecode(junkInputArray, IMREAD_UNCHANGED));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(img.empty());
+}
+
 #endif
 
 }} // namespace